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For a complex number z = x + jy:

Mathematics

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3 parts
a

Modulus=25, Argument≈1.107 rad\text{Modulus} = 2\sqrt{5}, \text{ Argument} \approx 1.107 \text{ rad}

b

Modulus=29, Argument≈−2.761 rad\text{Modulus} = \sqrt{29}, \text{ Argument} \approx -2.761 \text{ rad}

c

Modulus=5, Argument≈1.107 rad\text{Modulus} = \sqrt{5}, \text{ Argument} \approx 1.107 \text{ rad}

Step-by-step solution

6 steps

Here's how to determine the modulus and argument for each complex number:

For a complex number z=x+jyz = x + jy:

  • The modulus is ∣z∣=x2+y2|z| = \sqrt{x^2 + y^2}.
  • The argument is arg⁡(z)=θ\arg(z) = \theta, where tan⁡θ=yx\tan \theta = \frac{y}{x}. The quadrant of (x,y)(x, y) determines the correct angle. We typically use the principal argument in the range (−π,π](-\pi, \pi] radians or (−180∘,180∘](-180^\circ, 180^\circ].

Part a· 2 steps

For z=2+j4z = 2+j4

Here, x=2x=2 and y=4y=4. This complex number is in the first quadrant.

  1. Calculate the modulus.

    ∣z∣=22+42=4+16=20=4×5=25|z| = \sqrt{2^2 + 4^2} = \sqrt{4 + 16} = \sqrt{20} = \sqrt{4 \times 5} = 2\sqrt{5}
  2. Calculate the argument.

    tan⁡θ=42=2\tan \theta = \frac{4}{2} = 2 θ=arctan⁡(2)≈1.107 radians(or 63.43∘)\theta = \arctan(2) \approx 1.107 \text{ radians} \quad (\text{or } 63.43^\circ)

    Since x>0x>0 and y>0y>0, θ\theta is in the first quadrant, so this is the principal argument.

    Modulus=25, Argument≈1.107 rad\boxed{\text{Modulus} = 2\sqrt{5}, \text{ Argument} \approx 1.107 \text{ rad}}

Part b

Modulus=29, Argument≈−2.761 rad\text{Modulus} = \sqrt{29}, \text{ Argument} \approx -2.761 \text{ rad}

For z=−5−j2z = -5-j2

Here, x=−5x=-5 and y=−2y=-2. This complex number is in the third quadrant.

  1. Calculate the modulus.

    ∣z∣=(−5)2+(−2)2=25+4=29|z| = \sqrt{(-5)^2 + (-2)^2} = \sqrt{25 + 4} = \sqrt{29}
  2. Calculate the argument.

    First, find the reference angle α=arctan⁡(∣yx∣)\alpha = \arctan\left(\left|\frac{y}{x}\right|\right).

    α=arctan⁡(∣−2−5∣)=arctan⁡(25)≈0.3805 radians(or 21.80∘)\alpha = \arctan\left(\left|\frac{-2}{-5}\right|\right) = \arctan\left(\frac{2}{5}\right) \approx 0.3805 \text{ radians} \quad (\text{or } 21.80^\circ)

    Since x<0x<0 and y<0y<0, the argument θ\theta is in the third quadrant. For the principal argument, we subtract π\pi from the reference angle (or 180∘180^\circ).

    θ=α−π≈0.3805−π≈−2.761 radians(or 21.80∘−180∘=−158.20∘)\theta = \alpha - \pi \approx 0.3805 - \pi \approx -2.761 \text{ radians} \quad (\text{or } 21.80^\circ - 180^\circ = -158.20^\circ) Modulus=29, Argument≈−2.761 rad\boxed{\text{Modulus} = \sqrt{29}, \text{ Argument} \approx -2.761 \text{ rad}}

Part c

Modulus=5, Argument≈1.107 rad\text{Modulus} = \sqrt{5}, \text{ Argument} \approx 1.107 \text{ rad}

For z=j(2−j)z = j(2-j)

First, simplify the complex number to the form x+jyx+jy.

z=j(2−j)=2j−j2z = j(2-j) = 2j - j^2

Since j2=−1j^2 = -1:

z=2j−(−1)=1+2jz = 2j - (-1) = 1 + 2j

Here, x=1x=1 and y=2y=2. This complex number is in the first quadrant.

  1. Calculate the modulus.

    ∣z∣=12+22=1+4=5|z| = \sqrt{1^2 + 2^2} = \sqrt{1 + 4} = \sqrt{5}
  2. Calculate the argument.

    tan⁡θ=21=2\tan \theta = \frac{2}{1} = 2 θ=arctan⁡(2)≈1.107 radians(or 63.43∘)\theta = \arctan(2) \approx 1.107 \text{ radians} \quad (\text{or } 63.43^\circ)

    Since x>0x>0 and y>0y>0, θ\theta is in the first quadrant, so this is the principal argument.

    Modulus=5, Argument≈1.107 rad\boxed{\text{Modulus} = \sqrt{5}, \text{ Argument} \approx 1.107 \text{ rad}}
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