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Given: P(X Y) = (11)/(15) and P(X) = (1)/(3).

Mathematics

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Answers

2 parts
a

25\frac{2}{5}

b

35\frac{3}{5}

Step-by-step solution

8 steps

Given: P(X∪Y)=1115P(X \cup Y) = \frac{11}{15} and P(X)=13P(X) = \frac{1}{3}.

Part a· 3 steps

Find P(Y)P(Y) if events XX and YY are mutually exclusive.

  1. State the formula for mutually exclusive events.

    For mutually exclusive events, the probability of their union is the sum of their individual probabilities, as P(X∩Y)=0P(X \cap Y) = 0.

    P(X∪Y)=P(X)+P(Y)P(X \cup Y) = P(X) + P(Y)
  2. Substitute the given values into the formula.

    1115=13+P(Y)\frac{11}{15} = \frac{1}{3} + P(Y)
  3. Solve for P(Y)P(Y).

    P(Y)=1115−13P(Y) = \frac{11}{15} - \frac{1}{3}

    To subtract, find a common denominator, which is 15.

    P(Y)=1115−1×53×5P(Y) = \frac{11}{15} - \frac{1 \times 5}{3 \times 5} P(Y)=1115−515P(Y) = \frac{11}{15} - \frac{5}{15} P(Y)=11−515P(Y) = \frac{11 - 5}{15} P(Y)=615P(Y) = \frac{6}{15}

    Simplify the fraction:

    P(Y)=25P(Y) = \frac{2}{5}

    The probability P(Y)P(Y) for mutually exclusive events is 25\boxed{\frac{2}{5}}.

Part b

35\frac{3}{5}

Find P(Y)P(Y) if events XX and YY are independent.

  1. State the formula for independent events.

    For independent events, the probability of their intersection is the product of their individual probabilities: P(X∩Y)=P(X)⋅P(Y)P(X \cap Y) = P(X) \cdot P(Y).
    The general addition rule for probabilities is:

    P(X∪Y)=P(X)+P(Y)−P(X∩Y)P(X \cup Y) = P(X) + P(Y) - P(X \cap Y)
  2. Substitute the independence condition into the general addition rule.

    P(X∪Y)=P(X)+P(Y)−P(X)P(Y)P(X \cup Y) = P(X) + P(Y) - P(X)P(Y)
  3. Substitute the given values into the equation.

    1115=13+P(Y)−(13)P(Y)\frac{11}{15} = \frac{1}{3} + P(Y) - \left(\frac{1}{3}\right)P(Y)
  4. Rearrange the equation to solve for P(Y)P(Y).

    Combine terms involving P(Y)P(Y):

    1115−13=P(Y)−13P(Y)\frac{11}{15} - \frac{1}{3} = P(Y) - \frac{1}{3}P(Y) 1115−515=P(Y)(1−13)\frac{11}{15} - \frac{5}{15} = P(Y)\left(1 - \frac{1}{3}\right) 615=P(Y)(33−13)\frac{6}{15} = P(Y)\left(\frac{3}{3} - \frac{1}{3}\right) 25=P(Y)(23)\frac{2}{5} = P(Y)\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)
  5. Isolate P(Y)P(Y).

    P(Y)=25÷23P(Y) = \frac{2}{5} \div \frac{2}{3} P(Y)=25×32P(Y) = \frac{2}{5} \times \frac{3}{2} P(Y)=35P(Y) = \frac{3}{5}

    The probability P(Y)P(Y) for independent events is 35\boxed{\frac{3}{5}}.

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