Mathematics

The Pythagorean Theorem

In any right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of squares of the two legs: a² + b² = c². It's the most-used result in geometry — from carpentry to coordinate geometry to relativity.

How to Approach The Pythagorean Theorem

1

Identify the right angle

Find the 90° corner. The side opposite that corner is the hypotenuse (c) — always the longest.

2

Label the two legs

The other two sides are the legs (a and b). Order doesn't matter — only which side is the hypotenuse.

3

Apply a² + b² = c²

Plug in any two known sides and solve for the third. For the hypotenuse: c = √(a² + b²). For a leg: a = √(c² - b²).

Frequently Asked Questions

Does the Pythagorean theorem work for any triangle?+

No, only for right triangles. For non-right triangles use the Law of Cosines: c² = a² + b² - 2ab·cos(C).

What are Pythagorean triples?+

Sets of three positive integers (a, b, c) that satisfy a² + b² = c². The simplest is (3, 4, 5); others include (5, 12, 13) and (8, 15, 17).

Can I use it on the SAT?+

Yes — the Pythagorean theorem appears on nearly every SAT math section, often disguised inside coordinate geometry or word problems.

Related Topics

More step-by-step guides in Mathematics and adjacent subjects.

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