A gazelle was grazing suddenly a lion appears and gazelle run .list two characteristic of living shown by gazelle.

Here are the answers to your questions:

13. a) Name the evolutionary process that led to rise of these structures. The evolutionary process is convergent evolution.

    b) State three limitations of fossil records as evidence of evolution.

    • i) The fossil record is incomplete, as not all organisms fossilize, and many fossils are yet to be discovered.
    • ii) Fossils can be destroyed by geological processes like erosion or metamorphism.
    • iii) It can be difficult to accurately date some fossils, leading to uncertainties in the evolutionary timeline.

14. Explain observable adaptation of part labeled M. Part M is the Loop of Henle, which is long and highly coiled. This adaptation increases the surface area and time for the reabsorption of water and salts from the filtrate back into the blood, thereby concentrating urine and conserving water.

15. a) Name the pigment that protect human body from ultra violet light. The pigment is melanin.

    b) Name the condition that results from lack of formation of the pigment named in (a) above.
    The condition is albinism.

16. A gazelle was grazing suddenly a lion appears and gazelle run .list two characteristic of living shown by gazelle.

    • i) Nutrition (grazing)
    • ii) Movement (running) or Irritability/Response to stimuli (reacting to the lion)

17. Name the method that can be used to estimate the population of:

    • i) fish in a pond Capture-recapture method (also known as mark-release-recapture method).
    • ii) beans in a garden Quadrat method.