A well labelled flowering plant

Root System:

• Primary Root: The main root that grows vertically downwards.
• Lateral Roots: Branches that emerge from the primary root.
• Root Cap: A protective layer of cells covering the tip of the root.
• Root Hairs: Fine, hair-like extensions that increase the surface area for water and nutrient absorption.

Shoot System:

• Stem: The main axis of the plant, supporting leaves, flowers, and fruits.
  • Nodes: Points on the stem where leaves and branches arise.
  • Internodes: The segments of the stem between two nodes.
  • Axillary Bud: A bud located in the axil (angle) between a leaf and the stem, capable of forming a branch or flower.
  • Apical Bud (Terminal Bud): The bud at the tip of the stem, responsible for primary growth in length.
• Leaves: The primary organs for photosynthesis.
  • Petiole: The stalk that attaches the leaf blade to the stem.
  • Lamina (Leaf Blade): The broad, flat part of the leaf.
  • Midrib: The central vein of the leaf.
  • Veins: Vascular bundles within the leaf that transport water and nutrients.
  • Stipules: Small, leaf-like appendages at the base of the petiole (not always present).
• Flower: The reproductive structure of the plant.
  • Sepals: Leaf-like structures that enclose and protect the bud.
  • Petals: Often brightly colored, attracting pollinators.
  • Stamen (Male Reproductive Part):
    • Anther: Produces pollen.
    • Filament: Supports the anther.
  • Pistil/Carpel (Female Reproductive Part):
    • Stigma: Receptive tip for pollen.
    • Style: Connects the stigma to the ovary.
    • Ovary: Contains ovules, develops into the fruit after fertilization.
    • Ovules: Contain the female gametes, develop into seeds after fertilization.
• Fruit: The mature ovary, enclosing the seeds.
• Seed: The mature ovule, containing an embryo and food reserves, capable of developing into a new plant.