Analyze the case study and state four goals of therapy for the 50-year-old male patient with hypertension and HIV.

here's the solution to Question one:

Question one (1)

a) Case Study Analysis

• Patient Profile: 50-year-old male, hypertensive for 10 years, confirmed HIV+, unwell for 1 month with fever, fatigue, muscle aches.
• Vitals: BP 140/110 mmHg (elevated), HR 84 Bpm, Temp 37°C, Weight 80kg, Height 165cm.
• Medication: Amlodipine 10mg O.D.
• Investigations:
  • Urea: 9.8 mmol/L (High, normal range 3.0-6.5)
  • Creatinine: 130 µmol/L (High, normal range 60-100)
  • Potassium: 4.0 mmol/L (Normal, range 3.5-5.0)
  • Total cholesterol: 15 mmol/L (Very High, normal < 5.2 mmol/L)
  • Random plasma glucose: 14 mmol/L (High, normal < 7.8 mmol/L)

I. State four (4) goals of therapy in this patient (2 marks)

1. Achieve and maintain HIV viral suppression to undetectable levels.
2. Restore and preserve immune function (increase CD4 cell count) and prevent opportunistic infections.
3. Control blood pressure to target levels (e.g., <130/80 mmHg) and prevent cardiovascular complications.
4. Manage