Describe the cardinal movements of labor.

These movements include:

1. Engagement: The baby's head enters the pelvic inlet.
2. Descent: The baby moves downwards through the pelvis due to uterine contractions and maternal pushing.
3. Flexion: The fetal head bends, bringing the chin to the chest, allowing the smallest part of the head to present.
4. Internal Rotation: The head rotates to fit the shape of the pelvis, usually from a transverse to an anterior position.
5. Extension: The head extends as it reaches the vulva, delivering the occiput, then forehead, then chin.
6. Restitution: After the head is delivered, it realigns with the shoulders, turning slightly to one side.
7. External Rotation: The head rotates further as the shoulders rotate internally within the pelvis, positioning them for delivery.
8. Expulsion: The shoulders are delivered (anterior first, then posterior), followed by the rest of the body, often with a movement of lateral flexion.