This biology question covers important biological concepts and processes. The step-by-step explanation below helps you understand the underlying mechanisms and reasoning.

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The first question is incomplete as the full question text is not visible, only the options A, B, C, D which are "tupping", "treading", "servicing", and "coupling". These terms generally refer to the act of mating in various animals. Without the specific animal or context, I cannot provide an answer.
For the second question:
Curled toe paralysis in chicks is caused by the deficiency of riboflavin (Vitamin B2).
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You're on a roll — The first question is incomplete as the full question text is not visible, only the options A, B, C, D which are "tupping", "treading", "servicing", and "coupling".
This biology question covers important biological concepts and processes. The step-by-step explanation below helps you understand the underlying mechanisms and reasoning.