Classify organisms in Group X and Group Y as autotrophs or heterotrophs. 13. Analyze the characteristics of a biotic component: oxygen producer, stores food reserves, autotrophic.

12. Step 1: Classify organisms in Group X. Group X includes padi (rice), lumut (moss), and fitoplankton (phytoplankton). All these organisms produce their own food, primarily through photosynthesis, using sunlight. Therefore, they are autotrophs. Step 2: Classify organisms in Group Y. Group Y includes kelinci (rabbit), jamur (mushroom), and zooplankton. • Kelinci (rabbit) is a herbivore, consuming plants. • Jamur (mushroom) is a decomposer, breaking down dead organic matter. • Zooplankton consume phytoplankton. All these organisms obtain food by consuming other organisms or organic matter. Therefore, they are heterotrophs. Step 3: Match the classifications to the options. Group X = autotroph, Group Y = heterotroph. The correct option is d. X = autotrof, Y = heterotrof. 13. Step 1: Analyze the given characteristics of a biotic component. • (1) Sebagai penghasil oksigen (As an oxygen producer): This indicates photosynthesis. • (2) Menyimpan cadangan makanan (Stores food reserves): This is a result of producing food. • (3) Bersifat autotrof (Is autotrophic): This means it produces its own food. Step 2: Identify the ecological role that matches these characteristics. Organisms that produce their own food, generate oxygen, and store food reserves are known as producers. They form the base of the food chain. Step 3: Evaluate the options. • a. detritrivor: Consumes dead organic matter; heterotrophic. • b. produsen: Produces its own food; autotrophic; generates oxygen. This matches all characteristics. • c. dekomposer: Breaks down dead organic matter; heterotrophic. • d. konsumen primer: Consumes producers; heterotrophic. • e. konsumen sekunder: Consumes primary consumers; heterotrophic. The correct option is b. produsen. 14. Step 1: Understand the definition of an individu (individual) in ecology. An individual refers to a single, distinct organism. Step 2: Examine the items listed in the sawah (rice field) scenario. • seekor burung (one bird) • tiga petani (three farmers) • 15 ekor belalang (15 grasshoppers) • 6 ekor katak (6 frogs) • 2 ekor ular (2 snakes) • sinar matahari (sunlight - an abiotic factor, not an organism) Step 3: Identify which option represents a single organism. • a. 1 ekor burung (1 bird): This is a single organism. • b. 15 ekor belalang (15 grasshoppers): This is a population. • c. 2 ekor ular (2 snakes): This is a population. • d. 6 ekor katak (6 frogs): This is a population. • e. tiga petani (three farmers): This is a population. The correct option is a. 1 ekor burung. 3 done, 2 left today. You're making progress.