State the deficiency diseases of each of the following vitamins (B1, B2, B6) and explain the role of roughage in a diet.

Here are the solutions to the questions: 6. (a) State the deficiency diseases of each of the following vitamins. (i) B_1: Beriberi* (ii) B_2: Ariboflavinosis* (symptoms include cheilosis and glossitis) (iii) B_6: Peripheral neuropathy, anemia, and dermatitis* (b) What is the role of roughage in a diet? Roughage (dietary fiber) adds bulk to food, which stimulates peristalsis in the digestive tract, aiding in the movement of food and preventing constipation. It also helps in the elimination of waste products. 4. State two differences between osmosis and Active transport. • Osmosis is a passive process that does not require metabolic energy, while active transport is an active process that requires metabolic energy (ATP). • Osmosis involves the movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential, while active transport involves the movement of solute molecules against their concentration gradient. 5. In a certain experiment, the following observation was made: When red blood cell was placed in certain solution, the solution exerted more osmotic pressure leading to cell losing water molecules to become (crenated/shrunk) a) The type of solution the cell was placed in respect to the cell's cytoplasms was a hypertonic solution. b) The physiological process by which the cell lost water molecules was osmosis. c) Two substances that make a cell membrane are phospholipids and proteins. 6. The diagram below represents a transverse section of a plant part. Study it and answer the questions that follow. a) The class in which the plant belongs is Monocotyledoneae (Monocots). b) A reason for this classification is the arrangement of vascular bundles in the root, specifically the polyarch xylem (many arms of xylem) and the presence of a large central pith, which are characteristic features of monocot roots. c) Three adaptations for the structure labeled X (a root hair cell) to their functions are: • It has a long and narrow extension to increase the surface area for efficient absorption of water and mineral salts. • It has a thin cell wall to allow for easy and rapid passage of water and dissolved minerals. • It contains numerous mitochondria to provide ATP for the active transport of mineral ions against their concentration gradient. What's next?