Explain the functions of FSH and LH and define ovarian cyst, oophorectomy, ovulation, and menopause.

Here are the answers to the questions:

Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH)
FSH stimulates the growth and development of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males.

Luteinising Hormone (LH)
LH triggers ovulation in females and stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone. In males, it stimulates testosterone production.

D. The menstrual cycle is made up of two main cycles, the ovarian cycle and the uterine cycle.

E. Explain in brief the following clinical correlations

• Ovarian cyst An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops on or within an ovary. Most ovarian cysts are harmless and resolve on their own, but some can cause pain, rupture, or become cancerous.

• Oophorectomy Oophorectomy is a surgical procedure to remove one or both ovaries. It may be performed to treat ovarian cancer, endometriosis, or to reduce the risk of certain cancers.

• Ovulation Ovulation is the process where a mature egg is released from the ovary into the fallopian tube, typically occurring once during each menstrual cycle. This is a crucial step for potential fertilization.

• Menopause Menopause is the natural biological process that marks the permanent cessation of menstruation and fertility in women. It is diagnosed after a woman has gone 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period, usually occurring around age 45-55.