Identify the signs, symptoms, and control measures for Kwashiorkor, Marasmus, Scurvy, and Goitre.

Here are the signs, symptoms, and control measures for the identified deficiency diseases:

2. List the signs and symptoms of each of the diseases identified in Photo A to D

• A. Kwashiorkor

  • Swollen abdomen and ankles (edema)
  • Thinning, discolored hair (often reddish)
  • Skin lesions and flaky skin
  • Muscle wasting, often masked by edema
  • Irritability and lethargy

• B. Marasmus

  • Severe wasting of muscle and fat (emaciation)
  • "Old man" or "wizened" facial appearance
  • Visible bones (ribs, spine)
  • Stunted growth
  • Weakness and lethargy

• C. Scurvy

  • Bleeding and swollen gums
  • Easy bruising and petechiae (small red spots on skin)
  • Poor wound healing
  • Joint pain
  • Fatigue and weakness

• D. Goitre

  • Visible swelling in the neck due to an enlarged thyroid gland
  • Difficulty swallowing or breathing (in severe cases)
  • Fatigue and weight gain
  • Hair loss

3. Propose control measures to the diseases A to D

• A. Kwashiorkor

  • Promote consumption of protein-rich foods like legumes, eggs, meat, and fish.
  • Educate mothers on proper infant and young child feeding practices.
  • Implement food fortification programs with essential nutrients.

• B. Marasmus

  • Ensure adequate intake of calories and protein through a balanced diet.
  • Provide supplementary feeding programs for severely malnourished children.
  • Improve access to diverse and nutritious food sources.

• C. Scurvy

  • Encourage consumption of vitamin C-rich foods such as citrus fruits, berries, and leafy green vegetables.
  • Provide vitamin C supplements to at-risk populations.
  • Educate on proper food preparation to preserve vitamin C content.

• D. Goitre

  • Implement universal salt iodization programs.
  • Promote consumption of iodine-rich foods like seafood and dairy products.
  • Provide iodine supplements in areas with severe deficiency.