Identify tissue 1.

Tissue 1 is the outermost layer of cells on the upper surface of the leaf.

• Tissue 1: Upper epidermis

Tissue 2 is the layer of elongated, tightly packed cells directly beneath the upper epidermis.

• Tissue 2: Palisade mesophyll

7.3.2:

Tissue 4 is the vascular tissue responsible for water transport in the stem.

• Tissue 4: Xylem

Xylem vessels have pits (unthickened areas in their lignified walls) that allow water and dissolved minerals to move horizontally between adjacent xylem vessels and into surrounding parenchyma cells.

7.3.3:

Structure X represents a root hair cell absorbing water from the soil.

• Process: Osmosis

Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential across a partially permeable membrane.

7.3.4:

Rainy conditions lead to a higher water potential in the soil.

This increases the water potential gradient between the soil and the root cells, causing increased water absorption by the roots through osmosis.

7.3.5:

The cells numbered 3, indicated by the arrow pointing to the opening, are the guard cells and surrounding epidermal cells that form a stoma.

A labeled drawing of the surface view of cells numbered 3 would show:

• Two bean-shaped guard cells surrounding a central pore called the stoma.
• The guard cells contain chloroplasts.
• These guard cells are surrounded by irregularly shaped epidermal cells.