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List five key features of mammals and distinguish between monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals.
Biology
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Five (5) key features common to all mammals: i. Presence of mammary glands for milk production. ii. Presence of hair or fur covering the body. iii. Endothermic (warm-blooded), maintaining a constant body temperature. iv. Possession of a diaphragm for respiration. v. Presence of three middle ear bones (malleus, incus, stapes).
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Distinguishing between the three (3) types of mammals:
| SN | Monotremes | Marsupials | Placental Mammals |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lay eggs (oviparous). | Give birth to live, underdeveloped young. | Give birth to live, relatively developed young. |
| 2 | Possess a cloaca. | Do not possess a cloaca. | Do not possess a cloaca. |
| 3 | Mammary glands lack nipples; milk secreted through pores. | Mammary glands have nipples, typically within a pouch. | Mammary glands have nipples. |
| 4 | Young develop outside the mother's body in an egg. | Young complete development in a maternal pouch (marsupium). | Young complete development inside the uterus, nourished by a placenta. |
| 5 | Short gestation period, followed by external egg incubation. | Short gestation period, followed by a longer period of development in the pouch. | Long gestation period, with extensive internal development. |
| Example.1 | Platypus | Kangaroo | Human |
| Example.2 | Echidna | Koala | Dog |
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