Match the conditions in Column A with their corresponding descriptions or examples in Column B. Also, list the key risk factors of Non-Communicable Diseases and explain 'swelling' in heart failure.

Here are the solutions to the questions:

Part Two: Match column A with column B

1. Right sided heart failure: F. Distended jugular veins
2. Left sided heart failure: I. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
3. Insulindependent DM: A. Auto immune beta cell destruction
4. Non insulin dependent DM: B. Impaired insulin secretion
5. Short Acting Insulin: E. Regular insulin
6. Intermittent Acting: D. Lente insulin
7. Long Acting Insulin: C. Ultra lente insulin
8. Sulfonylureas: G. Stimulate pancreas to secrete insulin
9. Metformin: H. Reduce intestinal absorption of glucose
10. Acidosis: O. fat break down
11. Vasodilators: N. hydralazine
12. essential Hypertension: L. high BP from unknown cause
13. Secondary Hypertension: M. HPN from identified cause
14. Superior vena cava: J. Collect blood from the top
15. Inferior vena Cava: K. Collect blood from the bottom

Part Three

1. Key risk factors of Non-Communicable Diseases (Non-CD) include:

   • Lifestyle factors: such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and excessive alcohol consumption.
   • Environmental factors: like air pollution and exposure to certain toxins.
   • Genetic factors: including a family history of specific diseases.

2. In the context of heart failure:

   • SWELLING refers to edema, which is the accumulation of fluid in body tissues, often seen in the legs and ankles (peripheral edema) due to right-sided heart failure, or in the lungs (pulmonary edema) due to left-sided heart failure.
   • DROWNING sign refers to severe dyspnea (shortness of breath) or the sensation of suffocating due to fluid buildup in the lungs, known as pulmonary edema, a critical symptom of left-sided heart failure.

3. The connection between Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is significant:

   • Both conditions are common and often coexist, sharing risk factors like obesity and sedentary lifestyle.
   • DM can damage blood vessels and kidneys, leading to or worsening hypertension.
   • Hypertension, in turn, can accelerate the progression of diabetic complications, particularly affecting the kidneys, eyes, and cardiovascular system.