Name the parts labelled I-VIII, Describe two functions of I in the digestion process.

Here are the answers to the questions:

Question 1 (Practical - Fertilizers):

• The letters NPK on the label mean:
  • N: Nitrogen (for leaf growth)
  • P: Phosphorus (for root development, flowering, and fruiting)
  • K: Potassium (for overall plant health, disease resistance, and fruit quality)
• To apply the fertilizer on the farm:
  • The fertilizer can be broadcast evenly over the soil surface before planting or during the growing season. Alternatively, it can be side-dressed by placing it in bands along the rows of plants. Ensure the fertilizer is mixed into the soil or watered in to allow nutrients to reach the roots and prevent runoff.

Question 2 (Digestive System):

• a) Name the parts labelled I-VIII:
  • I: Salivary gland (Parotid gland specifically)
  • II: Esophagus
  • III: Stomach
  • IV: Liver
  • V: Pancreas
  • VI: Small intestine
  • VII: Large intestine
  • VIII: Rectum
• b) Two functions of I (Salivary glands) in the digestion process:
  • Produces saliva to moisten food, making it easier to chew and swallow.
  • Contains the enzyme salivary amylase which begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates (starches).
• c) Functions of III, V, and VII:
  • III (Stomach): Mixes food with gastric juices, begins protein digestion with pepsin, and stores food.
  • V (Pancreas): Produces digestive enzymes (e.g., amylase, lipase, proteases) and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.
  • VII (Large intestine): Absorbs water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter and forms feces.
• d) Absorption of end products of digestion occurs in:
  • VI (Small intestine)
• e) Three examples of enzymes produced by V (Pancreas):
  • Amylase (digests carbohydrates)
  • Lipase (digests fats)
  • Trypsin (digests proteins)

Question P3 (Periodic Table):

• a) Missing elements labelled I-VI:
  • I (Period 2, Group 2): Beryllium (Be)
  • I (Period 2, Group 14): Carbon (C)
  • III (Period 2, Group 18): Neon (Ne)
  • IV (Period 3, Group 15): Phosphorus (P)
  • V (Period 3, Group 18): Argon (Ar)
  • VI (Period 4, Group 1): Potassium (K)
• b) Why I (Beryllium) and III (Neon) are in the same period:
  • Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells. Both Beryllium and Neon have two electron shells.
• c) Two elements that are noble gases:
  • Helium (He) and Neon (Ne) (or Argon (Ar)).
• d) General names for elements in groups 1, 2, and 16 (assuming Group 6 refers to the group containing O and S):
  • Group 1: Alkali Metals
  • Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
  • Group 16: Chalcogens
• e) Why elements in group 18 (Noble Gases) are not reactive:
  • Elements in Group 18 have a full outer electron shell, making them very stable and unlikely to gain, lose, or share electrons with other atoms.
• f) Classification of elements as metals and nonmetals:
  • Metals: Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Al
  • Nonmetals: H, He, B, C, N, O, F, Ne, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar (B and Si are metalloids, but often grouped with nonmetals in basic classification).

Question P4 (Animals):

• a) Identify each of the animals I-VIII:
  • I: Duck
  • II: Cow
  • III: Rabbit
  • IV: Goat
  • V: Chicken
  • VI: Sheep
  • VII: Pig
  • VIII: Turkey
• b) Classification as ruminant, poultry, or monogastric:
  • Ruminant: Cow (II), Goat (IV), Sheep (VI)
  • Poultry: Duck (I), Chicken (V), Turkey (VIII)
  • Monogastric: Rabbit (III), Pig (VII)
• c) Distinction between a monogastric animal and a ruminant:
  • A monogastric animal has a single-chambered stomach and cannot efficiently digest cellulose. A ruminant has a multi-chambered stomach (e.g., rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum) that allows for microbial fermentation of cellulose.
• d) One example of breed for II, III, V, VI, and VII:
  • II (Cow): Holstein
  • III (Rabbit): New Zealand White
  • V (Chicken): Leghorn
  • VI (Sheep): Merino
  • VII (Pig): Large White

Question P5 (Electric Circuit Components):

• a) Identify each component A, B, C, and D:
  • A: Battery/Cell
  • B: Light bulb/Lamp
  • C: Switch (open)
  • D: Resistor
• b) Draw the circuit symbol of each component:
  • A (Battery/Cell): $\text{— | | —}$ (A long line and a short line, representing a single cell)
  • B (Light bulb/Lamp): $\text{—}\circ\text{—}$ (A circle with a cross inside)
  • C (Switch): $\text{—}\bullet\text{ / }\bullet\text{—}$ (Two dots with a line connecting one dot to a pivot, and another line extending from the pivot, indicating an open circuit)
  • D (Resistor): $\text{—}\text{/\/\/\/}\text{—}$ (A zigzag line)
• c) One function of each component:
  • A (Battery/Cell): Provides electrical energy (voltage) to the circuit.
  • B (Light bulb/Lamp): Converts electrical energy into light and heat.
  • C (Switch): Opens or closes a circuit to control the flow of current.
  • D (Resistor): Limits the flow of current and dissipates energy as heat.