This biology question covers important biological concepts and processes. The step-by-step explanation below helps you understand the underlying mechanisms and reasoning.
ScanSolve AI Answer
Graham's Law of Diffusion states that the rate of diffusion or effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. The formula for Graham's Law is: Rate_1Rate_2 = sqrt((M_2)/(M_1)) where: • Rate_1 and Rate_2 are the rates of diffusion of gas 1 and gas 2, respectively. • M_1 and M_2 are the molar masses of gas 1 and gas 2, respectively. Example Problem: Compare the rate of diffusion of ammonia (NH_3) to that of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas. Step 1: Determine the molar masses of the two gases. • Molar mass of NH_3 (M_1): Nitrogen (N) = 14.01 g/mol Hydrogen (H) = 1.01 g/mol M_1 = 14.01 + (3 × 1.01) = 14.01 + 3.03 = 17.04 g/mol • Molar mass of HCl (M_2): Hydrogen (H) = 1.01 g/mol Chlorine (Cl) = 35.45 g/mol M_2 = 1.01 + 35.45 = 36.46 g/mol Step 2: Apply Graham's Law formula. Let Rate_1 be the rate of NH_3 and Rate_2 be the rate of HCl. Rate_NH_3Rate_HCl = sqrt(M_HCl)M_NH_3 Step 3: Substitute the molar masses into the formula and calculate the ratio. Rate_NH_3Rate_HCl = sqrt(36.46 g/mol)17.04 g/mol Rate_NH_3Rate_HCl = sqrt(2.1396) Rate_NH_3Rate_HCl ≈ 1.46 This means that ammonia gas diffuses approximately 1.46 times faster than hydrogen chloride gas. The ratio of the rate of diffusion of ammonia to hydrogen chloride is approximately 1.46.