SECTION A (40 MARKS)

here are the solutions to the questions from the exam paper: SECTION A (40 MARKS) 1. Give any one plant process that takes place in leaves. Photosynthesis* 2. Give any one reason why birds are classified as vertebrates. Birds have a backbone* (vertebral column). 3. Mention any one crop growing practice that helps to control pests in the garden. Crop rotation* 4. Name any one example of childhood immunizable diseases. Measles* 5. Name the method of making magnet drawn above. Stroking method* 6. Identify the pole marked X. North pole (N)* 7. Give any one way poor sanitation can lead to the spread of diseases in a home. Contamination of food and water* with pathogens. 8. Why are P.7 pupils advised to brush their teeth regularly? To prevent tooth decay* and bad breath. 9. Name the vector that spreads malaria to people. Female Anopheles mosquito* 10. Mention any one product got from bees. Honey* 11. State any one importance of heat in the environment. It causes evaporation of water*, which is essential for the water cycle. 12. Apart from carrots, name any one other plant propagated by means of seeds. Maize* 13. Name the body organ responsible for filtering blood in the human body. Kidneys* 14. Give any one way of controlling the weeds in the garden. Weeding* (manual removal) 15. Give any one example of renewable resources. Solar energy* 16. Why do people put their burnt body parts in clean cold water? To cool the affected area*, reduce pain, and prevent further tissue damage. 17. Name the group musical instruments the one drawn above belongs. Percussion instruments* 18. How does the musical instrument drawn above produce sound? By the vibration of its stretched membrane* (skin) when struck. 19. State any one effect of smoking to an individual. It can cause lung cancer*. 20. How is decomposition similar to burning? Both processes release energy* and produce carbon dioxide. 21. Give any one energy resource got from animals. Animal dung* (used for biogas production) 22. Name the muscle K. Biceps* 23. What happens to muscle D when the arm is raised? Muscle D (triceps) relaxes*. 24. Give any one food stuff preserved by sun drying. Fish* 25. Mention any one way of getting natural immunity. By recovering from an infection* (e.g., measles). 26. State any one importance of PIASCY messages to school going children. They promote good health practices* and responsible behavior. 27. Name the type of soil that allows water to pass through it easily. Sandy soil* 28. Give any one principle of PHC in the community. Community participation* 29. Identify the intestinal worm controlled by wearing shoes and sandals. Hookworm* 30. Give any one reason why people sort clothes before washing them. To prevent color bleeding* from dark clothes to light ones. 31. Mention any one effect of heat gain on matter. Expansion* 32. Name the type of teeth drawn above. Canine* 33. How is the type of teeth above adapted to its function? It is pointed and sharp* for tearing food. 34. Give any one primary sex characteristic that occurs in boys. Enlargement of testes* 35. Name the fungus that helps in drug manufacturing industries. Penicillium* 36. Give a reason why cattle farmers wash the teats of a cow with warm water before milking. To stimulate milk let-down* and ensure hygiene. 37. Name the weather instrument that helps to measure air pressure. Barometer* 38. State any one role of blood in the body of human beings. It transports oxygen* from the lungs to body cells. 39. Why are rabbit hutches built with wire mesh? For good ventilation* and to allow droppings to fall through, ensuring hygiene. 40. Name any one dairy breed of goats kept in Uganda. Toggenburg* SECTION B (60 MARKS) 41. a) Why are babies commonly affected by deficiency diseases? Babies have high nutritional requirements* for rapid growth and development, and their diets may lack essential nutrients. b) Give any two mineral deficiency diseases in babies. (i) Iron deficiency anemia* (ii) Rickets* (due to lack of calcium and Vitamin D) c) Mention any one way of controlling deficiency diseases among babies. Providing a balanced and nutrient-rich diet* to the mother (if breastfeeding) and to the baby during complementary feeding. 42. a) Why is the biogas digester tightly sealed? To create anaerobic conditions* (absence of oxygen) necessary for the bacteria to produce biogas, and to prevent the escape of the produced biogas. b) Give any two materials used in production of biogas. (i) Animal dung* (manure) (ii) Plant waste* (e.g., crop residues, kitchen waste) c) Mention any one advantage of using biogas over hydroelectricity. Biogas production reduces waste* and provides organic fertilizer, unlike hydroelectricity which can have significant environmental impacts. 43. The diagram below shows a certain fungus. Study it and answer questions that follow. a) Name the parts marked P and W (i) P: Cap* (ii) W: Stalk / Stipe* b) Give the function of part K to the fungus above. Part K (gills) contains spores for reproduction*. c) Apart from the fungus drawn above, name any one other useful fungus. Yeast* 44. Match the item in List A to their functions in List B (i) Malaria: protozoa* (ii) River blindness: worm* (iii) Ringworm: fungi* (iv) Cholera: bacteria* 45. a) What is meant by the term germination? Germination is the process by which a seed sprouts and develops into a seedling*. b) Give any one condition needed by seeds to germinate. Water* c) Identify the type of germination that occurs in the following plants. (i) maize: Hypogeal germination* (ii) beans: Epigeal germination* 46. a) Name the type of soil erosion that occurs when flowing water cuts deep channel into the land. Gully erosion* b) Mention any one effect of soil erosion on land. Loss of fertile topsoil*, leading to reduced agricultural productivity. c) Give any one way of controlling soil erosion. Terracing* (building steps on slopes) d) Mention any one human activity that can lead to soil erosion. Deforestation* (cutting down trees) 47. The diagram below shows eggs of amphibians in A and B a) Name the amphibian that laid eggs in A and B. (i) A: Frog* (ii) B: Toad* b) How are the eggs drawn above protected from being eaten by predators? They are laid in large numbers* (clumps or strings), making it difficult for predators to consume all of them. c) Apart from amphibians, name any one other class of vertebrates. Mammals* 48. a) Identify the movable joint found on the following body parts. (i) knee: Hinge joint* (ii) shoulder: Ball and socket joint* b) Name any one immunizable disease that affect the skeletal system. Polio* c) Give any one way of controlling diseases that affect the skeletal system. Immunization* (e.g., polio vaccine) 49. a) Where do the following processes take place in the human body (i) conception: Fallopian tube* (ii) implantation: Uterus* b) How can partners ensure production of a manageable number of children? By using family planning methods* (contraception). c) Mention any one way of caring for human reproductive organs. Maintaining good personal hygiene*. 50. a) Name any two water-borne diseases that affect people. (i) Cholera* (ii) Typhoid* b) In which two ways can water-borne diseases be prevented in the community? (i) Boiling or treating drinking water* (ii) Proper disposal of human waste* (e.g., using latrines) 51. The diagram below shows a saucepan with some water on fire. Use it to answer questions that follow. a) How will heat from fire move to the water at the bottom of the saucepan? Heat moves from the fire to the saucepan by radiation and conduction, then from the saucepan to the water by conduction*. b) Which method will enable the heat to reach all the water in the saucepan? Convection* c) Use arrows to show the movement of water in the saucepan after it has been heated for some time. Arrows should show warm water rising from the bottom and cooler water sinking from the top, forming a convection current*. d) What will happen to the water in the saucepan to show that it is boiling? Bubbles will form and rise vigorously* to the surface, and steam will be produced. 52. a) Name the item that helps to promote personal hygiene through the following ways. (i) combining hair: Comb / Hairbrush* (ii) wiping the body: Towel* b) Give any two reasons for promoting personal hygiene. (i) To prevent the spread of diseases* (ii) To maintain a good appearance* and feel fresh 53. a) Why are people advised to keep magnets in iron keepers? To prevent demagnetization* by providing a closed magnetic circuit. b) Give any two examples of natural magnets. (i) Lodestone (Magnetite)* (ii) Earth* c) State any one importance of magnets to people. Used in compasses for navigation*. 54. a) Mention any two systems of keeping birds. (i) Free-range system* (ii) Deep litter system* b) Mention any two diseases that affect poultry. (i) Newcastle disease* (ii) Fowl pox* 55. a) Name the type of electricity that does not involve the flow of electrons. Static electricity* b) Give any two dangers of the type of electricity named in “a” above in the environment. (i) Lightning* (can cause fires and damage) (ii) Can cause sparks leading to explosions* in flammable environments. c) Give any one way of controlling dangers caused by the type of electricity named in “a” above. Using lightning conductors* on buildings. What's next?