What is the agent of dispersal for the fruit shown at ?

Here are the answers to the questions:

1. D. A companion cell has a large nucleus because of its high metabolic rates. Companion cells are metabolically active and provide energy (ATP) and other substances to the sieve tube elements, which lack a nucleus and many organelles. A large nucleus is necessary to control these high metabolic activities.

2. D. In humans, Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the maturation of germ cells. In females, it promotes the growth of ovarian follicles, which contain oocytes (female germ cells). In males, it stimulates spermatogenesis, the production and maturation of sperm (male germ cells).

3. C. The light-independent stage (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis requires ATP, NADPH (from the light-dependent stage), and carbon dioxide. RUBP (Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate) is also a key molecule that reacts with carbon dioxide. Free oxygen is a product of the light-dependent stage and is released, not a reactant in the light-independent stage.

4. C. The functional resemblance of wings of a butterfly and a bird, which have different evolutionary origins but serve the same function (flight), is an example of analogy. This occurs due to convergent evolution.

5. A. The fruit shown in the diagram has a feathery, parachute-like structure, which is an adaptation for wind dispersal. This structure allows the fruit to be carried by air currents over long distances.