What are the answers to questions 10-14 regarding livestock and farm management?

Here are the answers to the questions:

10. Give two causes of death in cows during or after parturition.

    • Milk fever (hypocalcemia) due to a sudden drop in blood calcium levels.
    • Retained placenta leading to uterine infection (metritis) or septicemia.

11. Differentiate between roughages and concentrates as used in livestock production.

    • Roughages are feedstuffs that are high in fiber, low in digestible energy, and bulky (e.g., hay, silage, pasture). They are essential for rumen function and gut health.
    • Concentrates are feedstuffs that are low in fiber, high in digestible energy and/or protein, and less bulky (e.g., grains, oilseed meals). They are used to supplement the diet and meet high production demands.

12. List four zoonotic diseases that can occur on the farm.

    • Anthrax
    • Brucellosis
    • Rabies
    • Tuberculosis

13. State four uses of harrows on the farm.

    • To break up soil clods and pulverize the soil after ploughing.
    • To level and smooth the soil surface for a fine seedbed.
    • To cover seeds after broadcasting.
    • To control weeds by uprooting young weeds.

14. State four signs of heat in pigs.

    • Swollen and reddened vulva.
    • Restlessness and increased activity.
    • Mounting other sows or attempting to be mounted.
    • Standing reflex (standing still when pressure is applied to the back).

15. Name four plant species that can be used to establish live fences.

    • Euphorbia tirucalli (Milk bush)
    • Lantana camara
    • Bougainvillea
    • Sisal (Agave sisalana)

16. Give TWO benefits of scattering grains in a deep litter poultry house.

    • It encourages the birds to scratch and turn the litter, which helps to keep it dry and aerated, preventing the build-up of ammonia and pathogens.
    • It provides exercise and reduces boredom, which can help prevent vices like feather pecking and cannibalism.

17. List Two sheep breeds reared for meat production in Kenya.

    • Dorper
    • Red Maasai

18. List two farm tools used during castration of farm animals.

    • Burdizzo (emasculatome)
    • Elastrator