The diagram below represents a cell at a particular stage of division. Study it.

15. The diagram below represents a cell at a particular stage of division. Study it.

a) Identify the stage of cell division represented above

• Metaphase

b) Give a reason for your answer in (a) above

• The chromosomes are aligned at the equatorial plate (metaphase plate) of the cell.

c) Draw a diagram illustrating a stage succeeding the above stage of cell division

• The succeeding stage is Anaphase.
  • Description of diagram: The diagram should show the sister chromatids of each chromosome separating and moving towards opposite poles of the cell. The cell should appear elongated, and the spindle fibers should be visible pulling the chromatids apart.

16. Explain why xylem tracheids are less efficient in transport of water than xylem vessels
Xylem tracheids are less efficient because they are narrower and have tapered ends, requiring water to pass through pits between adjacent cells, which increases resistance to flow. Xylem vessels, on the other hand, are wider and form continuous tubes due to the breakdown of end walls, allowing for a more efficient, uninterrupted flow of water.