The plant is heterozygous for green leaves. Green (G) is dominant over variegated (g).

Here are the solutions to the genetics problems: 3.1.1 The plant is heterozygous for green leaves. Green (G) is dominant over variegated (g). The genotype is Gg. 3.1.2 The plant (Gg) undergoes self-pollination (Gg x Gg). The Punnett square for Gg x Gg is: | | G | g | |---|---|---| | G | GG | Gg | | g | Gg | gg | The genotypic ratio is 1 GG : 2 Gg : 1 gg. The phenotypic ratio is 3 Green (GG, Gg) : 1 Variegated (gg). Total offspring = 64. a) Number of plants that will have variegated leaves: Step 1: Determine the proportion of variegated offspring (gg). P(gg) = (1)/(4) Step 2: Calculate the number of variegated plants. Number of variegated plants = (1)/(4) × 64 = 16 Expected number of plants with variegated leaves: 16 b) Number of plants that will be heterozygous for green leaves: Step 1: Determine the proportion of heterozygous offspring (Gg). P(Gg) = (2)/(4) = (1)/(2) Step 2: Calculate the number of heterozygous plants. Number of heterozygous plants = (1)/(2) × 64 = 32 Expected number of plants heterozygous for green leaves: 32 c) Number of plants that will be homozygous: Step 1: Determine the proportion of homozygous offspring (GG or gg). P(homozygous) = P(GG) + P(gg) = (1)/(4) + (1)/(4) = (2)/(4) = (1)/(2) Step 2: Calculate the number of homozygous plants. Number of homozygous plants = (1)/(2) × 64 = 32 Expected number of homozygous plants: 32 2.5 Symbols: T = normal allele, t = recessive Tay-Sachs allele. A couple are both heterozygous for Tay-Sachs (Tt x Tt). The Punnett square for Tt x Tt is: | | T | t | |---|---|---| | T | TT | Tt | | t | Tt | tt | The genotypic ratio is 1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt. Tay-Sachs disorder is recessive, so a child with the disorder has the genotype tt. Step 1: Determine the proportion of offspring with Tay-Sachs (tt). P(tt) = (1)/(4) Step 2: Convert the proportion to a percentage. Percentage chance = (1)/(4) × 100\% = 25\% The percentage chance of having a child with Tay-Sachs disorder is 25\%. 2.6 One in every 27 people in the population group has at least one allele for Tay-Sachs (Tt or tt). Total sample size = 360,000 people. Step 1: Identify the proportion of people with at least one allele for Tay-Sachs. Proportion = (1)/(27) Step 2: Calculate the expected number of people with the allele in the sample. Number of people with allele = (1)/(27) × 360\,000 Number of people with allele = 13\,333.33 Since the number of people must be a whole number, we round to the nearest whole number. Number of people with allele ≈ 13\,333 You expect 13,333 people to have the allele for Tay-Sachs.