c) Provide two performance indicators they must use to measure success in (a). (2) 1.3 Describe two significant risks that could compromise Maersk's supply chain integration of loT (2). For each identified risk, analyse its potential impact on cold chain operations (2) and propose a contextually appropriate control measure to mitigate it and enhance resilience (2). 16]

Here are the answers to your questions:

c) Provide two performance indicators they must use to measure success in (a).

For Issue 1: Effectiveness of System Integration and Information Utilization

1. Alert-to-Action Time (AAT): The average time taken from an IoT system alert (e.g., temperature deviation) being generated to a corrective action being initiated by an employee.
2. Percentage Reduction in Non-Critical Alerts: The decrease in the volume of non-critical or false alerts that require employee attention, indicating improved data filtering and prioritization.

For Issue 2: Cybersecurity Posture and Data Protection

1. Number of Detected Security Incidents: The count of detected cybersecurity incidents or successful breaches within a given reevaluation period.
2. Cybersecurity Audit Score: A score derived from regular internal or external cybersecurity audits, measuring adherence to established security protocols and data protection best practices.

1.3 Describe two significant risks that could compromise Maersk's supply chain integration of IoT. For each identified risk, analyse its potential impact on cold chain operations and propose a contextually appropriate control measure to mitigate it and enhance resilience.

1. Risk: Communication Network Limitations

   • Potential Impact on Cold Chain Operations: A container passing through areas with weak or no network coverage can lead to delayed or temporarily unavailable real-time data (temperature, power status, location). This means critical issues like temperature deviations or power interruptions go undetected for extended periods, significantly increasing the risk of cargo spoilage, especially for perishable goods, leading to financial losses and customer dissatisfaction.
   • Control Measure: Implement robust offline data logging capabilities within each reefer, allowing sensor data to be stored locally when connectivity is lost. This data can then be automatically transmitted once network coverage is restored (store-and-forward mechanism). Additionally, utilize redundant communication channels (e.g., automatic switching between satellite and cellular networks) to maximize uptime.

2. Risk: Cybersecurity Threats

   • Potential Impact on Cold Chain Operations: Unauthorized access to Maersk's IoT systems could lead to malicious manipulation of reefer settings (e.g., altering temperature set points), disruption of monitoring services, or theft of sensitive cargo data. Such an attack could directly compromise cargo integrity, causing widespread spoilage, operational chaos, loss of customer trust, and severe reputational and financial damage, including potential regulatory fines.
   • Control Measure: Implement a multi-layered cybersecurity strategy including end-to-end encryption for all data in transit and at rest, strong access controls (e.g., multi-factor authentication for system access), and regular penetration testing to identify vulnerabilities. Develop a comprehensive incident response plan that includes clear protocols for isolating compromised systems, data recovery, and communication strategies in the event of a breach.