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Here are the notes on the theories you asked about: Sensory overload, Milgram 1970 Sensory overload occurs when an individual is exposed to an excessive amount of sensory information (sights, sounds, smells) that they cannot effectively process. Milgram's work, particularly his urban overload hypothesis*, suggested that city dwellers cope with the high levels of environmental stimulation by narrowing their attention and becoming less responsive to others, leading to a perceived lack of social connection. Density-intensity theory, Freedman 1975 Freedman's density-intensity theory proposes that high density (the physical number of people in a given space) does not inherently cause negative effects. Instead, it acts as an amplifier, intensifying* the existing social situation. If the situation is positive, high density makes it more positive; if it's negative, high density makes it more negative. Loss of control external attribution, Baron and Rodin 1978 This concept refers to situations where individuals perceive a loss of control over events in their lives and attribute the causes of these events to external factors* rather than their own actions. Baron and Rodin's research, often in the context of nursing home residents, demonstrated that a perceived lack of control and the belief that outcomes are due to external, uncontrollable forces can lead to feelings of helplessness and negative health outcomes. Attribution, Worchel and Teddie 1976 Attribution theory generally explains how people determine the causes of events, their own behavior, and the behavior of others. Worchel and Teddie's work, often in the context of personal space and crowding, explored how these factors influence the attributions* individuals make about others' intentions or behaviors. For example, an invasion of personal space might be attributed to hostility, affecting social interactions. What's next? 📸