When the pancreatic duct is blocked, the exocrine function of the pancreas is impaired. This means digestive enzymes (like amylase, lipase, and proteases) cannot reach the duodenum, leading to i

3. When the pancreatic duct is blocked, the exocrine function of the pancreas is impaired. This means digestive enzymes (like amylase, lipase, and proteases) cannot reach the duodenum, leading to impaired food digestion. However, the endocrine function of the pancreas, which involves the release of hormones like insulin and glucagon directly into the bloodstream for blood sugar regulation, is not affected by the duct blockage. Therefore, blood sugar regulation remains normal.

4. a) The homeostatic process regulated by antidiuretic hormone is osmoregulation (or water balance).

b) Two ways desert mammals conserve water are:

i) They produce highly concentrated urine to minimize water loss through excretion.

ii) They are often nocturnal, avoiding the hottest parts of the day to reduce water loss through evaporation (sweating or panting).

5. The animal belongs to the class Crustacea.

6. a) If anti-serum A causes clumping, it means the red blood cells have A antigens. Therefore, the possible blood groups of the donor are A or AB.

b) The woman is A Rhesus negative (A Rh-). To safely receive a blood transfusion, especially being of child-bearing age and married to a Rhesus positive man, she should only be given A negative or O negative blood to prevent sensitization to the Rh factor.