c) State the function of the following cell organelles.

c) State the function of the following cell organelles.

• Cytoplasm: The site where most cellular activities and metabolic reactions occur, and it holds organelles in place.
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: Synthesizes lipids, phospholipids, and steroids, and detoxifies drugs and poisons.

a) State FOUR differences between plant and animal cells.

• i) Plant cells have a cell wall; animal cells do not.
• ii) Plant cells have chloroplasts; animal cells do not.
• iii) Plant cells have a large, permanent central vacuole; animal cells have small, temporary, or no vacuoles.
• iv) Plant cells typically have a fixed, rigid shape; animal cells have an irregular, flexible shape.

c) Identify the specialized animal or plant cell that performs each of the following functions.

• i) Transports oxygen in the body: Red blood cell
• ii) Absorbs water and mineral salts from the soil: Root hair cell
• iii) Transmits electrical impulses in the body: Nerve cell (Neuron)
• iv) Carries out photosynthesis efficiently: Palisade cell
• v) Controls opening and closing of stomata: Guard cell
• vi) Enables movement by contraction: Muscle cell

b) State the ways in which the following cells are adapted to their functions.

• i) Root hair cell: It has a long, thin extension (root hair) to increase the surface area for efficient absorption of water and mineral salts.
• ii) Red blood cell: It has a biconcave disc shape to increase the surface area to volume ratio for faster oxygen diffusion and lacks a nucleus to allow more space for hemoglobin.

a) Name TWO classes of chemicals of life found in cells.

• i) Carbohydrates
• ii) Proteins