🎯IX Computer Target Paper 2026*

Here are the solutions to the questions:

SECTION B (SHORT QUESTIONS)

Q.1.
To change the background of an HTML page, you can use CSS. For example, to set a background color:

<body style="background-color: lightblue;">

Or to set a background image:

<body style="background-image: url('background.jpg');">

Tags are keywords in angle brackets that define how content should be structured (e.g., <h1>, <p>). Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements and are placed inside the opening tag (e.g., href in <a href="url">).

Q.2.
An Operating System (OS) is software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.
Three functions of an Operating System:

• Memory Management: Allocates and deallocates memory for processes.
• Process Management: Manages the execution of multiple programs and processes.
• File Management: Organizes and controls access to files and directories.

Q.3.
Hard Copy vs Soft Copy

• A hard copy is a physical output of information, typically printed on paper (e.g., a printed document, a photograph). It is tangible and can be held.
• A soft copy is a digital output of information, displayed on a screen or stored electronically (e.g., a document on a monitor, a PDF file). It is intangible and requires a device to view.

Q.4.
A Formula in MS Excel is an expression that operates on values in a worksheet to perform calculations. Formulas begin with an equals sign (=).
Steps to add two numbers in MS Excel:

1. Click on the cell where you want the result to appear.
2. Type an equals sign (=).
3. Enter the first number, followed by a plus sign (+), then the second number (e.g., =10+5).
4. Press Enter. The cell will display the sum. Alternatively, if numbers are in cells A1 and B1:
5. Click on the cell where you want the result.
6. Type =A1+B1.
7. Press Enter.

Q.5.
Antivirus
An antivirus is a software program designed to detect, prevent, and remove malicious software (malware), such as viruses, worms, and Trojans, from a computer system. It scans files and programs for known threats and monitors system behavior for suspicious activities to protect data and system integrity.

Q.6.
Single-user OS vs Multi-user OS

• A Single-user OS is designed to be used by one user at a time, though it may allow multiple programs to run concurrently (e.g., Windows, macOS on a personal computer).
• A Multi-user OS allows multiple users to access and use the same computer system simultaneously, often through different terminals (e.g., Linux servers, Unix). Each user has their own session and resources.

Q.7.
One cause of signal impairment is Attenuation.
Attenuation refers to the loss of signal strength as it travels over a distance through a transmission medium. This loss can be due to the resistance of the medium, absorption, or scattering of the signal energy. It can lead to a weaker signal at the receiver, making it harder to interpret the data accurately.

Q.8.
The Page Setup group in MS Word contains options to control the layout and appearance of a document's pages. It typically includes settings for margins, orientation (portrait/landscape), paper size, columns, and breaks. These settings determine how the content is arranged on the printed page.

Q.9.
Virus spreading methods:

• Email Attachments: Viruses can be attached to emails and spread when the recipient opens the infected attachment.
• Infected Downloads: Downloading malicious software or files from untrusted websites can introduce viruses.
• Removable Media: USB drives or external hard drives can transfer viruses from one computer to another if they are infected.
• Network Shares: Viruses can spread through shared folders or drives on a network.

Q.10.

• World Wide Web (WWW): A global system of interconnected computer networks that uses standard communication protocols to link billions of documents and other web resources. It is an information system where documents and other web resources are identified by URLs, interlinked by hyperlinks, and accessible via the Internet.
• URL (Uniform Resource Locator): The address of a given unique resource on the World Wide Web. It specifies the location of a resource and the mechanism for retrieving it (e.g., https://www.example.com/page.html).
• Search Engine: A software system designed to carry out web searches, which means to search the World Wide Web in a systematic way for particular information specified in a textual web search query (e.g., Google, Bing).

Q.11.
Hyperlinks are elements in an electronic document that link to another part of the same document or to an entirely different document or webpage.
A hyperlink can redirect to another webpage using the <a> (anchor) tag in HTML. The href attribute within the <a> tag specifies the URL of the target webpage. When a user clicks on the text or image enclosed by the <a> tag, the browser navigates to the specified URL.
Example: <a href="https://www.example.com">Visit Example</a>

Q.12.

• <head>: This tag contains meta-information about the HTML document, such as its title, character set, styles, and scripts. This content is not displayed directly on the webpage.
• <title>: This tag defines the title of the HTML document, which appears in the browser's title bar or tab. It is placed inside the <head> tag.
• <body>: This tag contains all the visible content of an HTML document, such as text, images, links, tables, and other elements that are displayed to the user.

Q.13.
Components of a communication system:

• Sender: The device or entity that originates the message or data.
• Receiver: The device or entity that receives the message or data.
• Medium: The physical path through which the message travels from sender to receiver (e.g., cables, airwaves).
• Message: The information or data being transmitted.
• Protocol: A set of rules that govern how data is formatted, transmitted, received, and interpreted.

Q.14.
A User Interface (UI) is the point of interaction and communication between a human user and a computer system, application, or device. It allows users to interact with the system to perform tasks.
Types of User Interfaces:

• Graphical User Interface (GUI): Uses graphical elements like icons, menus, and windows for user interaction (e.g., Windows desktop, smartphone apps).
• Command Line Interface (CLI): Users interact with the system by typing commands into a text-based interface (e.g., Command Prompt, Terminal).

Q.15.
Purpose of networking devices:

• Switch: Connects multiple devices on a local area network (LAN) and forwards data packets only to the intended recipient device, improving network efficiency.
• Router: Connects different networks (e.g., a home network to the internet) and forwards data packets between them, determining the best path for data transmission.
• Modem (Modulator-Demodulator): Converts digital signals from a computer into analog signals for transmission over telephone lines or cable, and vice versa, enabling internet connectivity.

Q.16.
Steps to design an ER Model:

1. Identify Entities: Determine the main objects or concepts in the system (e.g., Student, Course).
2. Identify Attributes: For each entity, determine its relevant properties or characteristics (e.g., Student has Name, ID).
3. Identify Relationships: Determine how entities are associated with each other (e.g., Student enrolls in Course).
4. Determine Cardinality: Specify the number of instances of one entity that can be associated with instances of another entity in a relationship (e.g., one-to-many, many-to-many).

Q.17.
The Use of ToC (Table of Contents) is important for several reasons:

• Navigation: It provides a quick overview of the document's structure and allows readers to easily navigate to specific sections.
• Organization: It helps organize the content logically, making the document more coherent and easier to understand.
• Readability: It enhances the readability of long documents by breaking them down into manageable parts and indicating the hierarchy of topics.

SECTION C (LONG QUESTIONS)

Q.1.
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language for creating web pages and web applications. It uses a system of tags to structure content, such as headings, paragraphs, images, and links, and to define the layout of a webpage.
Steps to create a webpage:

1. Open a Text Editor: Use a plain text editor like Notepad (Windows), TextEdit (macOS), VS Code, or Sublime Text.
2. Write HTML Code: Type the HTML structure and content. A basic structure includes <!DOCTYPE html>, <html>, <head>, and <body> tags.

   <!DOCTYPE html>
   <html>
   <head>
       <title>My First Webpage</title>
   </head>
   <body>
       <h1>Hello, World!</h1>
       <p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
   </body>
   </html>
   

   Copy
3. Save the File: Save the file with an .html or .htm extension (e.g., index.html). This tells the computer it's a web page.
4. Open in a Web Browser: Locate the saved file and double-click it. It will open in your default web browser (e.g., Chrome, Firefox), displaying the webpage.

Q.2.
A Transmission Medium is the physical path or channel through which data or information travels from a sender to a receiver in a communication system. It can be a physical cable or a wireless connection.
Types of Transmission Mediums:

1. Guided Media (Wired Media): These media provide a physical path for the signals to travel.
   • Twisted-Pair Cable: Consists of pairs of insulated wires twisted together to reduce electromagnetic interference. Used in telephone networks and Ethernet LANs.
   • Coaxial Cable: Has a central conductor surrounded by an insulating layer, a braided metal shield, and an outer insulating jacket. Used in cable TV and older Ethernet networks.
   • Fiber Optic Cable: Transmits data as pulses of light through thin strands of glass or plastic. Offers high bandwidth, long-distance transmission, and immunity to electromagnetic interference.
2. Unguided Media (Wireless Media): These media transmit signals through the air or space without a physical conductor.
   • Radio Waves: Used for broadcasting, mobile communication, and wireless LANs (Wi-Fi). They can travel long distances and penetrate walls.
   • Microwaves: High-frequency radio waves used for point-to-point communication, satellite communication, and radar. They require a clear line of sight.
   • Infrared Waves: Used for short-range communication, such as remote controls and some wireless keyboards/mice. They require a direct line of sight and cannot penetrate opaque objects.

Q.3.
Cyber Crime refers to criminal activities carried out using computers or the internet. It involves the use of information technology to commit illegal acts, often targeting computer systems, networks, or data, or using them as a tool to facilitate traditional crimes.
Examples of Cyber Crime:

• Hacking: Unauthorized access to a computer system or network, often to steal data, disrupt services, or cause damage.
• Phishing: Attempting to acquire sensitive information (like usernames, passwords, and credit card details) by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication, often through fake emails or websites.
• Cyberbullying: Using electronic communication to bully a person, typically by sending messages of an intimidating or threatening nature.
• Identity Theft: Stealing and using another person's personal identifying information (like name, social security number, or credit card number) without their permission, usually for financial gain.
• Malware Attacks: Spreading malicious software (viruses, ransomware, spyware) to damage, disable, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems.

Q.4.
Data Modeling is the process of creating a visual representation or blueprint of an information system's data. It defines the structure of data, how it is stored, and how different data elements relate to each other. The goal is