Describe the process of fertilisation in flowering plants
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Fertilisation in flowering plants is the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
- Pollination: Pollen grains, containing the male gametes, are transferred from the anther to the stigma of a flower. This can occur via wind, water, insects, or other animals.
- Pollen Germination: If the pollen is compatible, it germinates on the stigma, forming a pollen tube that grows down through the style towards the ovary.
- Pollen Tube Growth: The pollen tube carries the male gametes to the ovule, which contains the female gamete (egg cell).
- Double Fertilisation: In flowering plants, a unique process called double fertilisation occurs. One male gamete fuses with the egg cell to form a diploid zygote (which develops into the embryo). The second male gamete fuses with the central cell (which contains two polar nuclei) to form a triploid primary endosperm nucleus, which develops into the endosperm, a nutritive tissue for the embryo.
- Zygote Development: The zygote develops into an embryo, and the ovule matures into a seed. The ovary develops into a fruit, enclosing the seed(s).
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