Provide information about a scientist who has influenced computer science or artificial intelligence.

Here is information about Alan Turing, chosen from the list:

• Name of Scientist: Alan Turing
• Country & Time Period: He was a British mathematician and computer scientist, active primarily in the mid-20th century (1912-1954).
• Famous Title: Often called the "Father of Theoretical Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence."
• What did they invent/discover?: Turing formalized the concepts of algorithm and computation with the Turing machine, a model of a general-purpose computer. He also played a crucial role in breaking the Enigma code during World War II.
• How does it help us today?: His work laid the foundational principles for modern computers and programming, influencing every aspect of digital technology we use daily, from smartphones to the internet.