Select all the ways, mentioned in lecture, that can detect if the emission testing is being done in-lab:

Here are the answers to your questions:

4. The correct option is All of the above.
In a laboratory emission test, the vehicle is typically on a dynamometer in a controlled environment.

• The steering wheel isn't turning because the vehicle is not being actively steered on a road.
• If it's a front-wheel-drive vehicle on a two-wheel dynamometer, the front wheels would be turning, but the back wheels would not.
• Weight sensors indicating no passengers is common in a controlled lab setting where only the necessary personnel (or none) are present.
• The temperature outside the vehicle is steady because lab tests are conducted under controlled environmental conditions, unlike real-world driving.

5. The correct option is 33 percent.
In the immediate aftermath of the Volkswagen emissions scandal (Dieselgate) in September 2015, the company's stock price and market value dropped significantly, with reports indicating a decrease of approximately 33% within a few days.