The problem implies Xn is a binomial random variable, Xn Bin(n, p_n), as this is the context for such limit theorems. We are given two conditions:

Computer Science
The problem implies Xn is a binomial random variable, Xn Bin(n, p_n), as this is the context for such limit theorems. We are given two conditions:

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2 steps

Step 1: Analyze the given conditions for the random variable XnX_n. The problem implies XnX_n is a binomial random variable, XnBin(n,pn)X_n \sim Bin(n, p_n), as this is the context for such limit theorems. We are given two conditions:

  1. pn0p_n \to 0 as nn \to \infty. This means the probability of success for each trial becomes very small.
  2. npnnp_n \to \infty as nn \to \infty. This means the expected number of successes grows infinitely large.

Step 2: Evaluate the applicability of different asymptotic approximations.

  • A. Binomial: XnX_n is already a binomial random variable. The question asks for an approximation, implying a different distribution that XnX_n converges to under these conditions, not its original form.
  • B. Poisson: The Poisson approximation to the binomial distribution is valid when nn \to \infty, pn0p_n \to 0, and npnλnp_n \to \lambda, where λ\lambda is a finite positive constant. In this problem, npnnp_n \to \infty, so the Poisson approximation is not appropriate.
  • C. Bernoulli: A Bernoulli distribution describes a single trial (n=1n=1). It is not an asymptotic approximation for a sequence of nn trials as nn \to \infty.
  • D. Normal: The Normal approximation to the binomial distribution (also known as the De Moivre-Laplace theorem, a special case of the Central Limit Theorem) states that if XnBin(n,pn)X_n \sim Bin(n, p_n), then for large nn, XnX_n can be approximated by a normal distribution N(μ,σ2)N(\mu, \sigma^2) where μ=npn\mu = np_n and σ2=npn(1pn)\sigma^2 = np_n(1-p_n). The conditions for this approximation to be good are typically that both npnnp_n and n(1pn)n(1-p_n) are sufficiently large (e.g., 5\ge 5 or 1010). Given npnnp_n \to \infty, the mean is growing large. Given pn0p_n \to 0, it implies 1pn11-p_n \to 1. Since npnnp_n \to \infty and pn0p_n \to 0, nn must also tend to infinity. Therefore, n(1pn)nn(1-p_n) \approx n \to \infty. Since both npnnp_n \to \infty and n(1pn)n(1-p_n) \to \infty, the conditions for the normal approximation are met. The standardized variable Xnnpnnpn(1pn)\frac{X_n - np_n}{\sqrt{np_n(1-p_n)}} converges in distribution to a standard normal distribution.

Step 3: Conclude the best approximation. Based on the conditions pn0p_n \to 0 and npnnp_n \to \infty, the binomial distribution XnX_n is best approximated by a Normal distribution.

The final answer is D\boxed{D}

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