The term used to describe the principle that poor-quality input data will always produce poor-quality analytical output is............

The term used to describe the principle that poor-quality input data will always produce poor-quality analytical output is (b) GIGO (Garbage In, Garbage Out).

• GIGO is a fundamental concept in computer science and data analysis, emphasizing that the quality of the output is directly dependent on the quality of the input.

In the six phases of data analysis, the phase in which a researcher must define EXACTLY what questions the study is trying to answer is (b) Data Requirement Gathering.

• This phase involves clearly identifying the objectives and specific questions that the data analysis aims to address, guiding the entire research process.

Which of the following is NOT one of the five qualities of a good research question? (c) Expensive.

• Good research questions are typically focused, researchable, clear, feasible, and relevant. Being "expensive" is a practical constraint on the research project, not an inherent quality of the question itself.

A dataset on cocoa production collected by COCOBOD and later used by a student project is an example of (a) Secondary data.

• Secondary data refers to data that has been collected by someone other than the user for a purpose other than the current research. The student is using data originally collected by COCOBOD.

A face-to-face interview conducted by a researcher specifically to answer their own question produces (d) Primary data.

• Primary data is original data collected directly by the researcher for the specific purpose of their study. Face-to-face interviews are a direct method of collecting such data.