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To determine if a function F(x) is continuous at a point x=c, three conditions must be met:

Computer Science

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2 parts
a

Continuous at x=−1\text{Continuous at } x = -1

b

Discontinuous at x=−12\text{Discontinuous at } x = -\frac{1}{2}

Step-by-step solution

4 steps

To determine if a function F(x)F(x) is continuous at a point x=cx=c, three conditions must be met:

  1. F(c)F(c) must be defined.
  2. lim⁡x→cF(x)\lim_{x \to c} F(x) must exist.
  3. lim⁡x→cF(x)=F(c)\lim_{x \to c} F(x) = F(c).

1. Determine whether the function F(x)=3x2+4x−10F(x) = 3x^2 + 4x - 10 is continuous at x=3x = 3 or not.

Step 1: Evaluate F(3)F(3).

F(3)=3(3)2+4(3)−10F(3) = 3(3)^2 + 4(3) - 10 F(3)=3(9)+12−10F(3) = 3(9) + 12 - 10 F(3)=27+12−10F(3) = 27 + 12 - 10 F(3)=39−10F(3) = 39 - 10 F(3)=29F(3) = 29

F(3)F(3) is defined.

Step 2: Evaluate lim⁡x→3F(x)\lim_{x \to 3} F(x).
Since F(x)F(x) is a polynomial function, the limit as xx approaches 3 can be found by direct substitution.

lim⁡x→3(3x2+4x−10)=3(3)2+4(3)−10\lim_{x \to 3} (3x^2 + 4x - 10) = 3(3)^2 + 4(3) - 10 lim⁡x→3(3x2+4x−10)=27+12−10\lim_{x \to 3} (3x^2 + 4x - 10) = 27 + 12 - 10 lim⁡x→3(3x2+4x−10)=29\lim_{x \to 3} (3x^2 + 4x - 10) = 29

The limit exists.

Step 3: Compare F(3)F(3) and lim⁡x→3F(x)\lim_{x \to 3} F(x).
Since F(3)=29F(3) = 29 and lim⁡x→3F(x)=29\lim_{x \to 3} F(x) = 29, we have lim⁡x→3F(x)=F(3)\lim_{x \to 3} F(x) = F(3).

Therefore, the function F(x)=3x2+4x−10F(x) = 3x^2 + 4x - 10 is continuous at x=3x=3.

Continuous\boxed{\text{Continuous}}

2. Is the function F(x)=2x2+32x+1F(x) = \frac{2x^2 + 3}{2x + 1} continuous at (i) x=−1x = -1 and (ii) x=−12x = -\frac{1}{2}?

A rational function is continuous everywhere except where its denominator is zero.
First, find the values of xx for which the denominator is zero:

2x+1=02x + 1 = 0 2x=−12x = -1 x=−12x = -\frac{1}{2}

The function is undefined at x=−12x = -\frac{1}{2}.

Part a· 3 steps

Continuity at x=−1x = -1

  1. Evaluate F(−1)F(-1).

    F(−1)=2(−1)2+32(−1)+1F(-1) = \frac{2(-1)^2 + 3}{2(-1) + 1} F(−1)=2(1)+3−2+1F(-1) = \frac{2(1) + 3}{-2 + 1} F(−1)=2+3−1F(-1) = \frac{2 + 3}{-1} F(−1)=5−1F(-1) = \frac{5}{-1} F(−1)=−5F(-1) = -5

    F(−1)F(-1) is defined.

  2. Evaluate lim⁡x→−1F(x)\lim_{x \to -1} F(x).

    Since x=−1x=-1 does not make the denominator zero, the limit can be found by direct substitution.

    lim⁡x→−12x2+32x+1=2(−1)2+32(−1)+1\lim_{x \to -1} \frac{2x^2 + 3}{2x + 1} = \frac{2(-1)^2 + 3}{2(-1) + 1} lim⁡x→−12x2+32x+1=5−1\lim_{x \to -1} \frac{2x^2 + 3}{2x + 1} = \frac{5}{-1} lim⁡x→−12x2+32x+1=−5\lim_{x \to -1} \frac{2x^2 + 3}{2x + 1} = -5

    The limit exists.

  3. Compare F(−1)F(-1) and lim⁡x→−1F(x)\lim_{x \to -1} F(x).

    Since F(−1)=−5F(-1) = -5 and lim⁡x→−1F(x)=−5\lim_{x \to -1} F(x) = -5, we have lim⁡x→−1F(x)=F(−1)\lim_{x \to -1} F(x) = F(-1).

    Therefore, the function F(x)=2x2+32x+1F(x) = \frac{2x^2 + 3}{2x + 1} is continuous at x=−1x=-1.

    Continuous at x=−1\boxed{\text{Continuous at } x = -1}

Part b

Discontinuous at x=−12\text{Discontinuous at } x = -\frac{1}{2}

Continuity at x=−12x = -\frac{1}{2}

  1. Evaluate F(−12)F(-\frac{1}{2}).

    F(−12)=2(−12)2+32(−12)+1F\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right) = \frac{2\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2 + 3}{2\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right) + 1} F(−12)=2(14)+3−1+1F\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right) = \frac{2\left(\frac{1}{4}\right) + 3}{-1 + 1} F(−12)=12+30F\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right) = \frac{\frac{1}{2} + 3}{0} F(−12)=720F\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right) = \frac{\frac{7}{2}}{0}

    Since the denominator is zero, F(−12)F\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right) is undefined.

    Because F(−12)F\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right) is undefined, the first condition for continuity is not met.

    Therefore, the function F(x)=2x2+32x+1F(x) = \frac{2x^2 + 3}{2x + 1} is discontinuous at x=−12x=-\frac{1}{2}.

    Discontinuous at x=−12\boxed{\text{Discontinuous at } x = -\frac{1}{2}}
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