Here are the answers to Activity 2: 2.1 Underline the correct word in the brackets. Pascal's principle: when pressure is applied to a fluid, the force is transmitted (equally / unequally) in all directions. The correct word is equally. 2.2 Fill in. Newton is the unit in which force is measured in a hydraulic system. 2.2.1 With two equal syringes, we get equal distance and equal force between the two syringes. This statement is correct. 2.2.2 In a hydraulic system where movement is from a small syringe to a larger syringe, the output distance is smaller and the output force is larger. 2.2.3 When the output force is increased by the force transfer from the input force, we call this mechanical advantage. 2.3 Study the hydraulic system below and answer the questions that follow. 2.3.1 Use the picture above to explain how forces within a hydraulic system are transferred. Step 1: State Pascal's Principle. Pascal's principle states that pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fluid and the walls of the containing vessel. Step 2: Apply the principle to the given system. The input force ($F_A$) on piston A creates a pressure ($P_A$) in the oil. This pressure is transmitted equally throughout the oil to piston B, meaning the pressure at piston B ($P_B$) is equal to the pressure at piston A ($P_A$). Step 3: Calculate the output force. Given: Input force $F_A = 50 \, \text{N}$ Area of piston A $A_A = 100 \, \text{mm}^2$ Area of piston B $A_B = 800 \, \text{mm}^2$ According to Pascal's principle: $$P_A = P_B$$ $$\frac{F_A}{A_A} = \frac{F_B}{A_B}$$ Rearrange to solve for $F_B$: $$F_B = F_A \times \frac{A_B}{A_A}$$ Substitute the given values: $$F_B = 50 \, \text{N} \times \frac{800 \, \text{mm}^2}{100 \, \text{mm}^2}$$ $$F_B = 50 \, \text{N} \times 8$$ $$F_B = 400 \, \text{N}$$ The output force on piston B is 400 N. That's 2 down. 3 left today — send the next one.