Answer in English

Here are the answers to the exam questions:

Examination for Public Law

1. The three elements necessary for a State to be formed are:

   • A territory
   • A population
   • A government (or organized political power)

2. Three functions of the State are:

   • The legislative function (making laws)
   • The executive function (implementing laws)
   • The judicial function (interpreting and enforcing laws)

3. The different forms of States that exist around the world include:

   • The unitary State (centralized or decentralized)
   • The federal State
   • The confederation of States

4. The legal attributes of the State are:

   • Sovereignty (internal and external)
   • Legal personality
   • The monopoly of legitimate force

5. A constitution is the supreme set of legal rules that organize the State, define the fundamental rights of citizens, and govern the relationships between public powers.

   • Its content generally includes the organization of powers (legislative, executive, judicial), the distribution of competences, the principles of the political regime, and the list of fundamental rights and freedoms.
   • Its main functions are to organize public powers, guarantee rights and freedoms, and limit arbitrary power.

Examination for Private Law

1. The five modes of proof admitted in civil law are:
   • Written evidence (proof by document)
   • Testimonial evidence (witness testimonies)
   • Presumptions (legal or factual)
   • Admission (judicial or extrajudicial)
   • Oath (decisive or supplementary)