Solve in English language

Here are the answers to question 2:

2. (a) Define the following:

(i) Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy. This process uses carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose (sugar) and oxygen.

(ii) Respiration
Respiration is the metabolic process where organisms obtain energy by breaking down organic molecules (like glucose). This process releases energy, often in the form of ATP, and can be aerobic (requiring oxygen) or anaerobic (without oxygen).

2. (b) How is the leaf adapted to carry out its function of photosynthesis?

• Large surface area: Leaves are typically broad and flat to maximize the absorption of sunlight.
• Thinness: Their thin structure allows for efficient diffusion of gases (carbon dioxide and oxygen) and rapid penetration of light to the photosynthetic cells.
• Chlorophyll: Contains chloroplasts with chlorophyll, the pigment that absorbs light energy.
• Stomata: Presence of small pores called stomata on the epidermis allows for the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen with the atmosphere.
• Vascular bundles: Contains xylem and phloem (veins) to transport water and minerals to the photosynthetic cells and carry away manufactured sugars.
• Air spaces: The spongy mesophyll layer has large air spaces to facilitate the diffusion of carbon dioxide to the palisade cells.

2. (c) Explain what happens to the glucose produced during photosynthesis.
The glucose produced during photosynthesis has several fates:

• Respiration: A significant portion of glucose is used immediately by the plant in cellular respiration to release energy for metabolic activities.
• Storage: Excess glucose is converted into starch for storage, primarily in leaves, roots, and fruits. Starch can be converted back to glucose when needed.
• Structural components: Glucose is used to synthesize other organic compounds, such as cellulose, which forms the cell walls of plant cells.
• Growth and repair: It is converted into other sugars, proteins, and fats, which are essential for the plant's growth, repair, and the formation of new cells.
• Transport: Glucose can be converted into sucrose for efficient transport through the phloem to other parts of the plant where it is needed for energy or storage.