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2 parts
b

30 s\text{30 s}

c

155 s\text{155 s}

Step-by-step solution

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Part a

Sketch a speed-time graph to represent the motion of the car from AA to BB.

A speed-time graph would show speed (in m s−1\text{m s}^{-1}) on the y-axis and time (in s\text{s}) on the x-axis. The motion consists of four segments:

  • Segment 1 (Constant Speed): The car moves at 20 m s−120 \text{ m s}^{-1} for 25 s25 \text{ s}. This is represented by a horizontal line from (0,20)(0, 20) to (25,20)(25, 20).
  • Segment 2 (Deceleration): The car decelerates from 20 m s−120 \text{ m s}^{-1} to 8 m s−18 \text{ m s}^{-1} at 0.4 m s−20.4 \text{ m s}^{-2}. The duration of this segment is calculated in part (b) as 30 s30 \text{ s}. This is represented by a straight line sloping downwards from (25,20)(25, 20) to (25+30,8)=(55,8)(25+30, 8) = (55, 8).
  • Segment 3 (Constant Speed): The car moves at 8 m s−18 \text{ m s}^{-1} for 60 s60 \text{ s}. This is represented by a horizontal line from (55,8)(55, 8) to (55+60,8)=(115,8)(55+60, 8) = (115, 8).
  • Segment 4 (Acceleration): The car accelerates from 8 m s−18 \text{ m s}^{-1} to 20 m s−120 \text{ m s}^{-1}. The duration of this segment is calculated in part (c) as 40 s40 \text{ s}. This is represented by a straight line sloping upwards from (115,8)(115, 8) to (115+40,20)=(155,20)(115+40, 20) = (155, 20).

Part b

30 s\text{30 s}

Find the time for which the car is decelerating.

  1. Identify the initial speed (uu), final speed (vv), and acceleration (aa) for the deceleration phase.

    The initial speed is u=20 m s−1u = 20 \text{ m s}^{-1}.
    The final speed is v=8 m s−1v = 8 \text{ m s}^{-1}.
    The deceleration is 0.4 m s−20.4 \text{ m s}^{-2}, so the acceleration is a=−0.4 m s−2a = -0.4 \text{ m s}^{-2}.

  2. Use the equation of motion v=u+atv = u + at to find the time tt.

    8=20+(−0.4)t8 = 20 + (-0.4)t
  3. Solve for tt.

    \begin{align*} 8 - 20 &= -0.4t \ -12 &= -0.4t \ t &= \frac{-12}{-0.4} \ t &= 30 s \end{align*}
    The time for which the car is decelerating is 30 s\boxed{\text{30 s}}.

Part c

155 s\text{155 s}

Given that the distance from AA to BB is 1960 m1960 \text{ m}, find the time taken for the car to move from AA to BB.

  1. Calculate the distance covered in the first three segments.

    • Segment 1 (Constant speed 20 m s−120 \text{ m s}^{-1} for 25 s25 \text{ s}): d1=speed×time=20 m s−1×25 s=500 md_1 = \text{speed} \times \text{time} = 20 \text{ m s}^{-1} \times 25 \text{ s} = 500 \text{ m}
    • Segment 2 (Deceleration from 20 m s−120 \text{ m s}^{-1} to 8 m s−18 \text{ m s}^{-1} over 30 s30 \text{ s}): d2=(u+v2)t=(20 m s−1+8 m s−12)×30 s=(282)×30 s=14 m s−1×30 s=420 md_2 = \left(\frac{u+v}{2}\right)t = \left(\frac{20 \text{ m s}^{-1} + 8 \text{ m s}^{-1}}{2}\right) \times 30 \text{ s} = \left(\frac{28}{2}\right) \times 30 \text{ s} = 14 \text{ m s}^{-1} \times 30 \text{ s} = 420 \text{ m}
    • Segment 3 (Constant speed 8 m s−18 \text{ m s}^{-1} for 60 s60 \text{ s}): d3=speed×time=8 m s−1×60 s=480 md_3 = \text{speed} \times \text{time} = 8 \text{ m s}^{-1} \times 60 \text{ s} = 480 \text{ m}
  2. Calculate the distance covered in the fourth segment (d4d_4).

    The total distance is 1960 m1960 \text{ m}.

    d4=1960 m−(d1+d2+d3)d_4 = 1960 \text{ m} - (d_1 + d_2 + d_3) d4=1960 m−(500 m+420 m+480 m)d_4 = 1960 \text{ m} - (500 \text{ m} + 420 \text{ m} + 480 \text{ m}) d4=1960 m−1400 m=560 md_4 = 1960 \text{ m} - 1400 \text{ m} = 560 \text{ m}
  3. Calculate the time taken for the fourth segment (t4t_4).

    In this segment, the car accelerates from u=8 m s−1u = 8 \text{ m s}^{-1} to v=20 m s−1v = 20 \text{ m s}^{-1} over a distance d4=560 md_4 = 560 \text{ m}.
    Using the equation d=(u+v2)td = \left(\frac{u+v}{2}\right)t:

    560 m=(8 m s−1+20 m s−12)t4560 \text{ m} = \left(\frac{8 \text{ m s}^{-1} + 20 \text{ m s}^{-1}}{2}\right)t_4 560 m=(282)t4560 \text{ m} = \left(\frac{28}{2}\right)t_4 560 m=14 m s−1×t4560 \text{ m} = 14 \text{ m s}^{-1} \times t_4 t4=560 m14 m s−1=40 st_4 = \frac{560 \text{ m}}{14 \text{ m s}^{-1}} = 40 \text{ s}
  4. Calculate the total time taken.

    Total time T=t1+t2+t3+t4T = t_1 + t_2 + t_3 + t_4

    T=25 s+30 s+60 s+40 sT = 25 \text{ s} + 30 \text{ s} + 60 \text{ s} + 40 \text{ s} T=155 sT = 155 \text{ s}

    The total time taken for the car to move from AA to BB is 155 s\boxed{\text{155 s}}.

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