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a) Molarity of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄):
- The balanced chemical equation for the neutralization reaction is: 2NaOH(aq) + H₂SO₄(aq) → Na₂SO₄(aq) + 2H₂O(l)
- From the equation, the mole ratio of NaOH to H₂SO₄ is 2:1.
b) Molarity of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄):
Calculate moles of sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
Molarity of NaOH (Mb) = 0.200 mol/dm³
Volume of NaOH (Vb) = 25.00 cm³ = 0.02500 dm³
Moles of NaOH = Mb × Vb = 0.200 mol/dm³ × 0.02500 dm³ = 0.00500 molUse the mole ratio to calculate moles of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).
From the equation, 2 moles of NaOH react with 1 mole of H₂SO₄.
Moles of H₂SO₄ = Moles of NaOH × (1/2) = 0.00500 mol × (1/2) = 0.00250 molCalculate molarity of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).
Volume of H₂SO₄ (Va) = 20.00 cm³ = 0.02000 dm³
Molarity of H₂SO₄ (Ma) = Moles of H₂SO₄ / Va = 0.00250 mol / 0.02000 dm³ = 0.125 mol/dm³
Molarity of the acid is 0.125 M.- a) Concentration of the acid in g/dm³:
Calculate the molar mass of H₂SO₄.
Atomic masses: H = 1.008 g/mol, S = 32.07 g/mol, O = 16.00 g/mol
Molar mass of H₂SO₄ = (2 × 1.008) + 32.07 + (4 × 16.00) = 2.016 + 32.07 + 64.00 = 98.086 g/molConvert molarity to concentration in g/dm³.
Concentration (g/dm³) = Molarity (mol/dm³) × Molar mass (g/mol)
Concentration = 0.125 mol/dm³ × 98.086 g/mol = 12.26075 g/dm³
Rounding to three significant figures:
Concentration = 12.3 g/dm³
The concentration of the acid in g/dm³ is 12.3 g/dm³.
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