solve section B in English

here's the solution for Section B in English. SECTION B: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 2. (a) Define any TWO of the following: (i) Weathering: Weathering is the in situ (on-site) breakdown and decomposition of rocks, soils, and minerals through direct contact with the Earth's atmosphere, biota, and waters. It does not involve the removal of material. (ii) Wind abrasion: Wind abrasion is the process by which wind-borne particles, such as sand, erode rock surfaces through friction and impact, effectively sandblasting them. (iii) The long profile of a river: The long profile of a river is a cross-sectional view of the river from its source to its mouth, showing the gradient changes along its course. Typically, it is concave, with a steeper gradient in the upper course and a gentler gradient in the lower course. 2. (b) (i) Briefly describe THREE evidences to show that the earth is spherical. Circumnavigation: The ability to travel around the world and return to the starting point by continuously moving in one general direction proves the Earth is a sphere. Ships appearing mast first: When a ship approaches from a distance, its mast (top part) is visible before its hull (bottom part). This is because the Earth's curvature hides the lower parts of the ship first. Lunar eclipses: During a lunar eclipse, the Earth casts a curved shadow on the Moon. This curved shadow is consistent with the Earth being a sphere. 2. (b) (ii) Briefly define the term Hydrological cycle. The hydrological cycle, also known as the water cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. It involves processes such as evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, runoff, and transpiration. 2. (c) Clearly state TWO problems created by each of the following: (i) Poor waste management: • Environmental pollution: Accumulation of waste contaminates soil, water bodies, and air, leading to ecosystem degradation and loss of biodiversity. • Health hazards: Improperly managed waste attracts pests and vectors of disease, leading to the spread of illnesses like cholera, typhoid, and malaria. (ii) Water shortage (scarcity): • Reduced agricultural output: Insufficient water for irrigation leads to crop failures, food shortages, and economic losses for farmers. • Increased health risks: Lack of clean drinking water forces communities to use unsafe sources, leading to waterborne diseases and poor sanitation. (iii) Floods: • Damage to infrastructure and property: Floods can destroy homes, roads, bridges, and agricultural land, causing significant economic losses and displacement. • Loss of life and livelihoods: Severe floods can result in fatalities, injure people, and disrupt economic activities, leading to long-term hardship for affected communities. (iv) Global warming: • Rising sea levels: Melting glaciers and ice sheets, combined with thermal expansion of ocean water, cause sea levels to rise, threatening coastal communities and ecosystems. • Extreme weather events: Global warming leads to more frequent and intense heatwaves, droughts, floods, and storms, causing widespread damage and disruption. Drop the next question!