Sources •Fruits: •Momordica charantia ( bitter melon ) – charantin, momordicine- antidiabetic, abortifacient, anthelmintic, contraceptive, antimalarial and laxative. •Vanilla planifolia (Vanilla) - vanillin, vanillic acid – flavoring agent, antiseptic •Piper nigrum ( black pepper) – piperine, limonene- stimulant ,antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, treats epilepsy and snakebite •Coriandrum sativum ( coriander) – linalool,limonene, geraniol- antioxidant, diuretic, flavouring Plant sources •Bark :expectorant •Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng) , P. japonica (Japanese ginseng),P. notoginseng (Chinese ginseng), P. quinquefolium (American ginseng) – ginsenosides- immunomodulatory , stimulant Plant sources •Seeds •Helianthus annuus (sunflower) – α-pinene – anti-inflammatory, Antibacterial •Sesamum indicum (sesame) – lignans (sesamin, sesamolin) – anti oxidant , cholesterol lowering •Salvia hispanica (Chia) – alpha-linolenic acid)- anti diabetic, antihypertensive. Plant sources •Stems : •Ephedra gerardiana ( ephedra) – ephedrine from the liquid extract of the stem - for asthma control . Decoction of stems and roots used in treatment of rheumatism and syphilis in Russia. •Senegalia catechu (previously Acasia catechu) – (catechu, khair)-catechin, epicatechin. -Stem extracts for treatment of Urinary Tract Infections.

This is a comprehensive list of plant sources categorized by their specific parts, detailing their active compounds and therapeutic applications.

• Fruits:

  • Momordica charantia (bitter melon) contains charantin and momordicine, known for antidiabetic, abortifacient, anthelmintic, contraceptive, antimalarial, and laxative effects.
  • Vanilla planifolia (vanilla) is rich in vanillin and vanillic acid, used as a flavoring agent and antiseptic.
  • Piper nigrum (black pepper) contains piperine and limonene, acting as a stimulant, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and used to treat epilepsy and snakebite.
  • Coriandrum sativum (coriander) has linalool, limonene, and geraniol, providing antioxidant, diuretic, and flavoring properties.

• Bark:

  • Various Panax species (ginsengs) contain ginsenosides, which are immunomodulatory and stimulant. The bark is also noted as an expectorant.

• Seeds:

  • Helianthus annuus (sunflower) contains $\alpha$-pinene, offering anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.
  • Sesamum indicum (sesame) is rich in lignans (sesamin, sesamolin), known for antioxidant and cholesterol-lowering properties.
  • Salvia hispanica (chia) contains alpha-linolenic acid, which is antidiabetic and antihypertensive.

• Stems:

  • Ephedra gerardiana (ephedra) yields ephedrine from its stem extract, used for asthma control. Decoctions of stems and roots are used for rheumatism and syphilis.
  • Senegalia catechu (catechu) contains catechin and epicatechin in its stem extracts, used for treating Urinary Tract Infections.

This detailed breakdown effectively illustrates the diverse medicinal and functional uses of different plant parts.