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C\text{C}

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Here's the solution for Question 18:

Question 18:

  • Problem Statement: What is the phase difference between two points 0.16 m0.16 \, \text{m} apart on a progressive sound wave of frequency 256 Hz256 \, \text{Hz} given that the speed of sound is 330 m/s330 \, \text{m/s}?
  1. Calculate the wavelength (λ\lambda) of the sound wave.

    The relationship between wave speed (vv), frequency (ff), and wavelength (λ\lambda) is given by the formula:

    v=fλv = f\lambda

    We need to find λ\lambda, so we rearrange the formula:

    λ=vf\lambda = \frac{v}{f}

    Substitute the given values: v=330 m/sv = 330 \, \text{m/s} and f=256 Hzf = 256 \, \text{Hz}.

    λ=330 m/s256 Hz\lambda = \frac{330 \, \text{m/s}}{256 \, \text{Hz}} λ≈1.2890625 m\lambda \approx 1.2890625 \, \text{m}
  2. Calculate the phase difference (Δϕ\Delta \phi).

    The phase difference (Δϕ\Delta \phi) between two points separated by a distance Δx\Delta x on a progressive wave is given by the formula:

    Δϕ=2πλΔx\Delta \phi = \frac{2\pi}{\lambda} \Delta x

    Substitute the calculated wavelength and the given distance Δx=0.16 m\Delta x = 0.16 \, \text{m}:

    Δϕ=2π1.2890625 m(0.16 m)\Delta \phi = \frac{2\pi}{1.2890625 \, \text{m}} (0.16 \, \text{m}) Δϕ=2π×0.161.2890625\Delta \phi = 2\pi \times \frac{0.16}{1.2890625} Δϕ≈2π×0.12412\Delta \phi \approx 2\pi \times 0.12412 Δϕ≈0.24824π rad\Delta \phi \approx 0.24824 \pi \, \text{rad}

    This value is very close to 0.25π0.25\pi, which is π4\frac{\pi}{4}.

    To be more precise, let's express the ratio Δxλ\frac{\Delta x}{\lambda} as a fraction:

    Δxλ=0.16330/256=0.16×256330=40.96330\frac{\Delta x}{\lambda} = \frac{0.16}{330/256} = \frac{0.16 \times 256}{330} = \frac{40.96}{330}

    This fraction is approximately 0.12412.
    If we consider the options, π4\frac{\pi}{4} corresponds to a ratio of 18=0.125\frac{1}{8} = 0.125. The calculated value is very close to this.

    The final answer is C\text{C}.

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