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• Phrase (Kishazi): Ni kundi la maneno yanayofanya kazi kama sehemu moja ya hotuba lakini hayana kiima na kitenzi kinachokamilika. Kishazi hakina uwezo wa kusimama peke yake kama sentensi kamili.

  • Mfano: "on the table" (kishazi cha kihusishi), "running quickly" (kishazi cha kitenzi).

• Clause (Kifungu): Ni kundi la maneno lenye kiima na kitenzi kinachokamilika. Kifungu kinaweza kuwa independent clause (kifungu huru) ambacho kinaweza kusimama peke yake kama sentensi kamili, au dependent clause (kifungu tegemezi) ambacho hakiwezi kusimama peke yake na kinahitaji kifungu kingine kukamilisha maana.

  • Mfano: "She sings" (kifungu huru), "because he was late" (kifungu tegemezi).

Kwa kifupi, kifungu kina kiima na kitenzi, wakati kishazi hakina.