WAEC LIVESTOCK FARMING/ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 2026 QUESTIONS (ESSAY/THEORY ONLY) ππ SECTION A: GENERAL ANIMAL HUSBANDRY Define Animal Husbandry and state four branches of animal production. ππππ State four reasons why livestock farming is important to the economy of West Africa. π List five classes of farm animals based on their uses and give one example of each. Distinguish between intensive system and extensive system of livestock management. π πΎ State three advantages and three disadvantages of the intensive system. Describe the semi-intensive system of livestock management. State five characteristics of a good livestock farmer. π¨βπΎ List four factors to consider when siting a livestock farm. π‘ State three effects of climate on livestock production. SECTION B: ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY & ANATOMY Define digestion and state the four main parts of the digestive system. 𧬠Distinguish between ruminants and non-ruminants giving two examples of each. ππ Describe the functions of the four chambers of a ruminant stomach. Draw a well-labelled diagram of the digestive system of a ruminant (cattle). ποΈ State the functions of the following parts of the ruminant digestive system: rumen (ii) reticulum (iii) omasum (iv) abomasum Explain the process of rumination (chewing the cud). π¦· Distinguish between the digestive system of a pig and that of a chicken. ππ State three differences between the monogastric digestive system and the avian digestive system. Describe the functions of the crop and gizzard in poultry. Define reproduction and state the male and female reproductive organs in cattle. 𧬠Describe the oestrus cycle (heat cycle) in a cow. State three signs of heat (oestrus) in a cow. β€οΈβπ₯ Define gestation (pregnancy) and state the gestation period of the following animals: cow (ii) sow (iii) ewe (iv) doe (goat) bitch (dog) Describe the process of parturition (giving birth) in a sow. ππΆ State three signs that indicate an animal is about to give birth. REACT, SHARE AND FORWARD TO EVERYONE β€οΈπ₯ SECTION C: ANIMAL NUTRITION & FEEDING Define animal nutrition and state five classes of nutrients required by farm animals. π₯©πΎ State two functions of each of the following nutrients: carbohydrates (ii) proteins (iii) fats and oils (iv) minerals vitamins (vi) water List three deficiency symptoms of protein in growing animals. Define feed and distinguish between roughage and concentrate giving two examples of each. πΏπ State three functions of roughage in the diet of ruminants. State three advantages and two disadvantages of feeding concentrates to animals. Define balanced ration and state three factors to consider when formulating a ration. βοΈ Calculate the percentage of crude protein in a feed mixture containing: 20 kg of maize (10% CP) 10 kg of groundnut cake (45% CP) 5 kg of wheat bran (15% CP) State three signs of malnutrition in farm animals. Define the following terms in animal feeding: maintenance ration (ii) production ration (iii) creep feeding (iv) flushing πΌ State two reasons for creep feeding in piglets. Explain the concept of flushing in sheep and goats. List five feed additives used in animal nutrition and state one function of each. π§ͺ State three advantages of using pelleted feeds over mash feeds. State two disadvantages of pelleted feeds. State the water requirements of the following animals per day: lactating cow (ii) growing pig (iii) laying hen (iv) sheep π§ State four functions of water in the animal body. List three factors that affect the water requirement of farm animals. SECTION D: ANIMAL BREEDING & GENETICS Define animal breeding and state three aims. 𧬠Distinguish between natural mating and artificial insemination (AI) . π§ͺπ State three advantages and two disadvantages of artificial insemination. Define the following terms in animal breeding: cross-breeding (ii) inbreeding (iii) line breeding (iv) out-crossing 𧬠State two advantages and two disadvantages of inbreeding. Give one example of a cross-breed animal and state two desirable characteristics. Define selection and state three methods of selection in animal breeding. 𧬠State four criteria for selecting a breeding boar (male pig). π Explain the term heritability and state its importance in animal breeding. Define genetics and state the meaning of the following: gene (ii) genotype (iii) phenotype (iv) dominant gene recessive gene 𧬠In cattle, the gene for black coat colour (B) is dominant over red coat colour (b). If a pure black bull is mated with a red cow: What are the genotypes of the parents? (ii) Determine the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the F1 generation. State Mendel's law of segregation. SECTION E: ANIMAL HEALTH & DISEASES Define disease and state three general signs of disease in farm animals. π©Ί Distinguish between: infectious and non-infectious diseases (ii) endemic and epidemic diseases List four vectors of animal diseases and one disease transmitted by each. π¦πͺ° Describe the symptoms, mode of transmission, and control of the following diseases: Newcastle disease (poultry) (ii) Foot and Mouth disease (cattle) π State three methods of preventing diseases on a livestock farm. Define quarantine and state its importance in animal health management. Describe the symptoms, mode of transmission, and control of the following diseases: African Swine Fever (pigs) π (ii) Mastitis (dairy cows) π₯ State three effects of mastitis on milk production. Name the causative organism of anthrax and state two symptoms in cattle. Define parasite and distinguish between ectoparasites and endoparasites giving two examples of each. πͺ±πͺ² Describe the life cycle of the liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica). State three effects of internal parasites on livestock production. State four external parasites of cattle and the diseases they cause. π·οΈ Describe three methods of controlling ticks on a cattle farm. State three methods of controlling internal parasites in sheep and goats. Define vaccination and state three diseases that can be prevented by vaccination in poultry. π State the vaccination schedule for the following: layers from day-old to point of lay (ii) piglets State two reasons why vaccination is important in livestock production. SECTION F: LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION & MANAGEMEN Follow the WASSCE WAEC SUPPORT channel on WhatsApp: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vb6uuGx4tRrxEeGMXS0I Cattle Production (Beef & Dairy) List five breeds of beef cattle and five breeds of dairy cattle found in West Africa. π State three characteristics of each of the following breeds: White Fulani (Bunaji) (ii) Sokoto Gudali Distinguish between beef cattle production and dairy cattle production. Describe the management practices for a dairy farm including: housing (ii) feeding (iii) milking (iv) hygiene State four guidelines for hygienic milking of cows. π₯ State three factors that affect milk production in dairy cows. Define dehorning and state two reasons for dehorning cattle. πβοΈ Describe the process of castration in bull calves. State three benefits of castration in male farm animals. Poultry Production Classify poultry into four classes and give two examples of each. ππ¦π¦ List five breeds of chicken and state one characteristic of each. Distinguish between layers and broilers. Describe the brooding and rearing of day-old chicks including: brooder preparation (ii) temperature requirements (iii) feeding (iv) vaccination π£ State three signs of a healthy chick. State four causes of high mortality in day-old chicks. State the vaccination schedule for a laying bird from day-old to 20 weeks. π Describe the symptoms and control of coccidiosis in poultry. State three management practices for a deep litter system in poultry. Describe the cage system (battery cage) of poultry management. πͺΉ State three advantages and two disadvantages of the cage system. State four requirements for a good poultry house. Pig Production List five breeds of pigs found in West Africa and state one characteristic of each. π State three characteristics of the Large White breed. Distinguish between weaners, growers, and finishers in pig production. Describe the management of a pregnant sow (gilts) including: feeding (ii) housing (iii) farrowing preparation State three signs of farrowing (parturition) in a sow. Describe the management of piglets from birth to weaning. πΌ Sheep & Goat Production List four breeds of sheep and four breeds of goats found in West Africa. ππ State three characteristics of the West African Dwarf goat. Distinguish between the Sahel goat and the West African Dwarf goat. Describe the management of weaner goats including: housing (ii) feeding (iii) health care State three signs of heat (oestrus) in a doe. Describe the process of kidding (giving birth) in goats. Rabbit Production List three breeds of rabbits suitable for meat production. π State three advantages of rabbit production over other livestock. Describe the housing and feedin
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Hey Alex, good to see you again. That's a comprehensive set of questions for your WAEC Livestock Farming exam! To help you best, please tell me which specific question you'd like to work on first. Just let me know the section and question number (e.g., "Section A, Question 1a" or "Section C, Question 3b"). Send me the next one πΈ