Here are the answers to your questions:
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Remote Sensing refers to the use of aircraft or satellite-powered sensor technologies to identify and classify bodies on the Earth.
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Electromagnetic radiation is used in all forms of remote sensing technology.
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A pixel is the smallest individual unit of a digital image, representing a single point in a raster image and typically storing color or intensity information.
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The energy source distinguishes between active and passive remote sensing. Active sensors provide their own energy, while passive sensors rely on naturally available energy (e.g., sunlight).
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The visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave infrared (SWIR) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum are relevant for optical remote sensing.
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Two practical applications of remote sensing are land cover mapping and vegetation health monitoring.
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