A) The branch of geography that applies in this scenario is Climatology.

Here's the answer to your geography question:

a) The branch of geography that applies in this scenario is Climatology.

b) Climatology is the scientific study of climate, which involves analyzing atmospheric conditions, temperature patterns, and their long-term changes. Using a satellite to monitor temperature changes and collect data for studying climate conditions directly falls within the scope of climatology, as it focuses on understanding Earth's climate system and its variations.