Compare river Nile and river Congo in terms of their water volumes.

Here are the answers to your questions:

22. Compare river Nile and river Congo in terms of their water volumes.
The River Congo has a significantly larger water volume and discharge compared to the River Nile.

23. Why does R. Nile flow Northwards and not South wards in Uganda?
The River Nile flows northwards because its source, Lake Victoria, is situated on a higher elevation than the land to the north, causing the water to flow downhill towards the Mediterranean Sea.

24. What are multi-purpose river projects?
Multi-purpose river projects are large-scale engineering schemes that involve the construction of dams and other infrastructure on a river to provide multiple benefits such as hydroelectric power generation, irrigation, flood control, and water supply.

25. Give two advantages of multi purpose River projects.

• i) They provide a source of hydroelectric power, which is a clean and renewable energy.
• ii) They enable irrigation for agriculture, increasing food production in dry areas.

26. State the major tributaries of the following Rivers.

• (i) R. Nile: Blue Nile, White Nile, Atbara
• (ii) R. Congo: Ubangi, Kasai, Lualaba
• (iii) R. Niger: Benue, Bani

27. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

a) Name the type of mountain formation drawn above.

• Fold mountain

b) Give any one example of a mountain in Africa of such a formation.

• Atlas Mountains

c) Mention the process that led to the formation of the above mountain.

• Folding (due to compressional forces from tectonic plate collision)

d) Name the following parts labelled on the diagram.

• (i) a: Anticline
• (ii) b: Syncline
• (iii) c: Compressional forces

28. Mention any two types of volcanoes in Africa.

• i) Stratovolcanoes (or Composite volcanoes)
• ii) Shield volcanoes

29. Complete the table correctly.

Country	mountain	formation
DR Congo	Nyiragongo	Volcanicity
Uganda	Rwenzori	Block faulting
Tanzania	Kilimanjaro	Volcanicity