Discuss how underdevelopment and human security can affect environmental development and peace in Nigeria

Underdevelopment often leads to over-reliance on natural resources for livelihoods, particularly in rural areas. This can result in unsustainable practices like deforestation for fuel and agriculture, overfishing, and poor waste management, directly degrading the environment. The competition for dwindling resources, exacerbated by poverty and lack of alternative economic opportunities, frequently fuels conflicts between communities, impacting peace and stability.

A lack of human security means people face threats to their safety, livelihoods, and rights. When communities are insecure due to conflict, crime, or economic instability, they are less able to engage in long-term environmental planning or conservation efforts. Displaced populations may put increased pressure on new environments, while conflict can directly destroy ecosystems and infrastructure, making environmental development impossible and perpetuating cycles of violence and resource scarcity.