IMPORTANCE OF RELIEF FEATURES: MOUNTAINS AND HIGHLANDS

Okay, I'll explain the first point from your notes: "Mountains and Highlands influence relief/orographic rainfall."

This point means that mountains and highlands play a crucial role in how and where rain falls. When moist air from an ocean or large body of water encounters a mountain range, it is forced to rise. As the air rises, it cools, and the water vapor condenses to form clouds, leading to precipitation (rain or snow) on the side of the mountain facing the wind (the windward side). This type of rainfall is specifically called orographic rainfall. The other side of the mountain (the leeward side) often receives very little rain, creating a dry area known as a rain shadow.