The image provided is a multi-page exam paper. The last visible "Task" is on page 5, related to Item 4 about climate change. I will address that task.

The image provided is a multi-page exam paper. The last visible "Task" is on page 5, related to Item 4 about climate change. I will address that task.

Task: Make a write-up that you will present to the association members. In your write-up include the causes of the phenomena in question, its negative effects and how it can be mitigated.

Here is a write-up addressing the task:

Causes of Climate Change Climate change is primarily caused by human activities that release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The main culprits include the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy, transportation, and industrial processes, leading to increased carbon dioxide ($\text{CO}_2$) emissions. Deforestation also contributes significantly, as trees absorb $\text{CO}_2$, and their removal reduces this natural carbon sink. Agricultural practices, such as livestock farming and the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers, release methane ($\text{CH}_4$) and nitrous oxide ($\text{N}_2\text{O}$), which are potent greenhouse gases.

Negative Effects of Climate Change The impacts of climate change are widespread and severe. We are experiencing more frequent and intense extreme weather events like prolonged droughts, heavy rainfall, and heatwaves, which devastate agriculture and lead to food shortages. Rising sea levels, caused by thermal expansion of water and melting glaciers, threaten coastal communities with increased flooding and displacement. Biodiversity loss is accelerating as species struggle to adapt to rapidly changing habitats. In Uganda, specifically, climate change has led to unpredictable rainfall patterns, affecting crop yields and increasing the risk of famine, as well as contributing to conflicts over scarce resources.

Mitigation Strategies Mitigating climate change requires a multi-faceted approach. We must transition to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Afforestation and reforestation efforts are crucial to enhance carbon sequestration. In agriculture, adopting sustainable farming practices like agroforestry, efficient water management, and reduced use of chemical fertilizers can lower emissions. Furthermore, promoting energy efficiency in homes and industries, improving public transportation, and encouraging responsible consumption are vital steps. International cooperation and policy frameworks are also essential to support these efforts globally and locally.