What are the three effects of indiscriminate disposal of refuse?

You're asking about question 3. (a) again. Here are the three effects of indiscriminate disposal of refuse:

3. (a) Three effects of indiscriminate disposal of refuse are:

• Environmental pollution: It contaminates soil, water bodies, and air, leading to unpleasant odors and the release of harmful gases.
• Spread of diseases: Refuse provides breeding grounds for vectors like flies, mosquitoes, and rats, which transmit diseases such as malaria, cholera, and typhoid.
• Blockage of drainage systems: Improperly disposed waste can clog drains and sewers, leading to flooding, especially during rainy seasons.